Limbic-Executive Network Transitions in Alcohol Use Disorder

酒精使用障碍中的边缘-执行网络转变

• 批准号: 10317609
• 负责人: DAVID A. KAREKEN
• 金额: $ 23.99万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-25 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10317609
• 关键词: Aftercare; Alcohols; Applications Grants; Area; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Biological Markers; Brain; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Desire for food; Emotions; Executive Dysfunction; Exploratory/Developmental Grant; Family; Goals; Image; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Outcomes Research; Patients; Performance; Phenotype; Positioning Attribute; Publishing; Recovery; Regulation; Relapse; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction; Taste Perception; Testing; Time; Treatment outcome; Work; alcohol use disorder; cognitive control; cohort; executive function; flexibility; improved; incentive salience; male; mental state; negative affect; novel; novel strategies; problem drinker; response; sample fixation; sex; social

Project Summary Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are highly prevalent and post-treatment relapse remains stubbornly elevated. Understanding the brain mechanisms that contribute to varied treatment outcomes is thus of great importance. In this regard, AUD can be conceptualized as a conflict between “inwardly” directed brain networks related to reward urges (limbic and default-mode networks) and the need to engage in non-alcohol-related tasks (frontoparietal, “task-positive” networks). Such a tension is particularly evident in treatment, where those with AUD must learn how to transition away from alcohol preoccupation to engage elsewhere. Most work that examines functional brain network organization (both in AUD, and more generally) examines functional connectivity within particular cognitive states (e.g., during “rest” or a given task). This predominant approach ignores critical times of transition when the brain must functionally reconfigure and adapt to other demands. A new approach is necessary. The objective of this R21 exploratory mechanism is to acquire preliminary data using a novel paradigm that mirrors the cognitive state changes needed during recovery. Specifically, we will study reward and executive functional networks as they disengage from the incentive salience created by alcoholic drink tastes, and transition into periods requiring cognitive control and behavioral inhibition. Our central hypothesis is that phenotypic domains of AUD (incentive salience, executive function, negative affect) are related to less functional network reconfiguration when transitioning from periods of alcohol-related appetitive stimulation to executive control. Our rationale is that studying the nature of these dynamic brain network changes will help to understand the mechanisms that lead to variable treatment outcomes. Prior to being well-positioned to test such a hypothesis, we first require preliminary data demonstrating that components of connectivity can be extracted from our proposed novel paradigm. The specific aims of this exploratory/developmental grant application are therefore to: Aim 1: Demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining network reconfiguration components during the transition from an appetitive state (tasting a preferred alcoholic drink) to cognitive control (stop signal response inhibition). Aim 2: Test for differences in network transitions between subjects with AUD and healthy social drinkers. Preliminary data derived from this R21 exploratory mechanism will then support an R01 application for a more comprehensive study of how AUD phenotypic variability in the domains of executive function, incentive salience, and emotion relates to the dynamics of brain networks as they adaptively reconfigure.

项目概要 酒精使用障碍（AUD）非常普遍，并且治疗后复发率仍然居高不下。 因此，了解导致不同治疗结果的大脑机制非常重要。 在这方面，AUD 可以被概念化为与以下内容相关的“向内”定向大脑网络之间的冲突： 奖励冲动（边缘和默认模式网络）以及参与与酒精无关的任务的需要 （额叶，“任务积极”网络）。这种紧张在治疗中尤其明显，那些患有此病的人 AUD 必须学会如何摆脱对酒精的关注，转向其他领域。 大多数检查功能性大脑网络组织的工作（无论是在 AUD 中，还是更一般的情况下）都检查 特定认知状态下的功能连接（例如，在“休息”或给定任务期间）。这个占主导地位的 这种方法忽略了大脑必须在功能上重新配置和适应的关键过渡时期 其他要求。需要一种新的方法。 R21 探索机制的目标是使用新颖的范式获取初步数据 这反映了恢复期间所需的认知状态变化。具体来说，我们将研究奖励和 当他们脱离酒精饮料口味所产生的激励显着性时，执行功能网络， 并过渡到需要认知控制和行为抑制的时期。 我们的中心假设是 AUD 的表型域（激励显着性、执行功能、负性 影响）与从酒精相关时期过渡时功能较少的网络重新配置有关 食欲刺激执行控制。我们的理由是研究这些动态大脑的本质 网络变化将有助于理解导致不同治疗结果的机制。 在准备好检验这样的假设之前，我们首先需要初步数据来证明 连接的组成部分可以从我们提出的新颖范式中提取。本次活动的具体目标 因此，探索性/开发性拨款申请应： 目标1：展示在网络重配置过程中获取网络重配置组件的可行性 从食欲状态（品尝首选的酒精饮料）过渡到认知控制（停止 信号反应抑制）。 目标 2：测试 AUD 受试者和健康社交受试者之间网络转换的差异 饮酒者。 从 R21 探索机制中得出的初步数据将支持 R01 应用程序以实现更多 全面研究 AUD 表型变异在执行功能、激励领域的表现 显着性和情感与大脑网络自适应重新配置的动态有关。