Impacts of Later High School Start Times on Adolescent Weight and Weight-Related Behavior

高中开学时间较晚对青少年体重和体重相关行为的影响

• 批准号: 9137059
• 负责人: Rachel Widome
• 金额: $ 48.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-02-17 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9137059
• 关键词: 16 year old; Academy; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent obesity; Age; American; Area; Behavior; Beverages; Biology; Body Weight Changes; Body mass index; Caffeine; Child; Circadian Rhythms; Communities; Data; Development; Disadvantaged; Eating Behavior; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Family; Foundations; Gender; Health; Health Policy; Healthy Eating; Height; High School Student; Hour; Intake; Intervention; Interview; Link; Literature; Measures; Medicine; Melatonin; Mental Health; Meta-Analysis; Mission; Modification; Natural experiment; Neurobiology; Obesity; Observational Study; Overweight; Pattern; Pediatrics; Physical activity; Policies; Policy Making; Polysomnography; Puberty; Public Health; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Safety; Schedule; Schools; Sleep; Socioeconomic Status; Sports; Staging; Students; Surveys; Teenagers; Time; Weight; Weight Gain; Work; Youth; actigraphy; base; disability; expectation; experience; falls; high school; novel; nutrition; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; physical conditioning; prevent; public education; public health relevance; school district; sedentary lifestyle; tv watching

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although the National Sleep Foundation recommends 8.5 to 9.25 hours of sleep per night for adolescents, more than half of US 16-year-olds regularly get less than seven hours. "Sleep debt" has consequences that extend far beyond hampering day-to-day functioning as it is deleterious to multiple areas of physical and mental health. In the context of the obesity epidemic, which has had a far-reaching public health impact, sleep insufficiency is emerging as a potentially important and novel risk factor for the development of excess weight gain and weight gain-related behaviors. While a variety of forces such as screen time, homework expectations, and other factors can be implicated in stymying American teenagers' sleep, research has shown that early high school start times, which are asynchronous with adolescent biology, are one of the most significant obstacles to youth being able to net sufficient sleep. When children begin puberty, circadian rhythms shift such that melatonin is secreted later in the evening making it difficult to fall asleep before 11pm. This neurobiological change means that adolescents who attend "early-start" (prior to 8:30am) high schools, even those who strive for an early bedtime, will struggle to get sufficient sleep. Natural experiments have clearly shown that later school starts allow adolescents a greater opportunity to accumulate adequate sleep, but unfortunately 86% of US schools start before 8:30am. We hypothesize that later start times, an established effective sleep intervention, may promote weight-related health. Given that adolescence is a critical age that sets the stage for long-term obesity risk behavior patterns, there is an urgent need to understand the obesity-related implications of increased sleep as a result of intervention and policy changes. Presently there is a unique opportunity to study a community- based natural experiment in school start time policy modification. A Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN metro area school district, will be shifting the start tim of its high school from 7:30am to 8:30am in Fall 2016. We propose to collect data on student weight and related risks (via survey, objective weight and height measurement, and sleep actigraphy) before and after this change in this district and high school students in a comparison district which will not be altering its 7:30am high school start time. This research is time-sensitive as baseline, pre-policy measures must be collected before the end of the 2015/16 school year. Our specific aims are: 1) Determine how a shift to a later high school start time relates to objectively measured weight change over time. 2) Identify the relationship between school start times and obesity-related behaviors over time. We have an additional exploratory aim to assess barriers and facilitators associated with implementing later high school start times via stakeholder interviews. The products of this research will have public health impact because they will clarify causal connections between sleep and obesity among adolescents as well as provide evidence for whether a school policy can minimize unhealthy weight gain. If effective, later school start times, a policy deployable in communities across the US, could help prevent excess weight gain in youth.

 描述（由适用提供）：尽管国家睡眠基金会建议青少年每晚的睡眠8.5至9.25小时，但我们16岁以上的一半定期少于7个小时。 “睡眠甲板”的后果远远超出了妨碍日常功能的影响，因为它对身心健康的多个领域有害。在 肥胖流行的背景受到了深远的公共健康影响，睡眠不足正在成为潜在的重要且新颖的风险因素，用于发展过量体重增加和与体重增加相关的行为。尽管可以在阻碍美国青少年睡眠的情况下实施屏幕时间，家庭作业期望和其他因素等各种力量，但研究表明，与青少年生物学异步的早期高中开始时代是青少年能够净足够睡眠的最重要的障碍之一。当孩子们开始青春期时，昼夜节律的转变使褪黑激素在晚上晚些时候被分泌，因此很难在晚上11点之前入睡。这种神经生物学的变化意味着，参加“早期开始”（上午8:30之前）的青少年，即使是那些为早期就寝时间而努力的人，也将难以获得足够的睡眠。自然的 实验清楚地表明，后来的学校开始使青少年有更大的机会积累足够的睡眠，但不幸的是，有86％的美国学校在上午8:30之前开始。我们假设后来的开始时间是建立的有效睡眠干预措施，可能会促进与体重有关的健康。鉴于青少年是一个关键年龄，为长期肥胖风险行为模式奠定了基础，因此迫切需要了解由于干预和政策变化而导致肥胖相关的睡眠的实施。目前，有一个独特的机会来研究基于社区的自然实验，以修改学校开始时间政策。明尼阿波利斯 - 圣。 MN都会区学区Paul将从上午7:30转移到2016年秋季的上午8:30。我们建议在该区域和比较地区的变化区和之后，在该地区和高中生将不改变7:30 AM S SPICOLS NITH SHICONS 7:30 AM SEMPLE SAINTER NIRE STIRS SERTIN STIRS SERTINE的学生体重和相关风险的数据（通过调查，客观体重和身高测量和睡眠行动学）。这项研究对基线非常敏感，必须在2015/16学年结束之前收集预利的测量。我们的具体目的是：1）确定向以后的高中开始时间转移与客观测量的体重随时间变化有关。 2）确定随着时间的流逝，与肥胖相关的行为之间的关系。我们还有一个额外的探索目的，可以评估与利益相关者访谈实施后来的高中开始时间相关的障碍和促进者。这项研究的产品将对公共卫生产生影响，因为它们将澄清青少年睡眠与肥胖之间的催化联系，并提供证据证明学校政策是否可以最大程度地减少不健康的体重增加。如果有效，以后的学校开始时间，可以在美国各地社区中部署的政策，可以帮助防止年轻人的体重增加。