Understanding Individual Differences in Working Memory Training and Transfer in Older Adults at Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias

了解有阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症风险的老年人工作记忆训练和转移的个体差异

• 批准号: 10328970
• 负责人: Susanne M Jaeggi
• 金额: $ 19.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-15 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10328970
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age-associated memory impairment; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Back; Behavior Therapy; Binding; Brain Injuries; COVID-19 pandemic; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complex; Computer software; Data; Development; Disease; Distal; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Elements; Funding; Future; Generations; Goals; Health; Health Promotion; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Life; Light; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Memory impairment; Mental Health; Mission; Modality; Modeling; Motivation; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Outpatients; Output; Participant; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phenotype; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Psyche structure; Psychological Transfer; Public Health; Randomized Clinical Trials; Research; Rewards; Risk; Running; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Standardization; Stimulus; Stream; System; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Translating; Underserved Population; United States National Institutes of Health; Videoconferencing; Work; age related; auditory stimulus; base; cognitive ability; cognitive function; cognitive load; dementia risk; disability burden; distraction; fitness; high reward; high risk; improved; innovation; learning outcome; memory process; multisensory; novel; personalized intervention; predictive modeling; prevent; processing speed; programs; research data dissemination; sound; tool; transfer learning; visual processing; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY The overall objective of the proposed work is to understand factors mediating and moderating transfer of learning in the context of training Working Memory (WM) systems in a diverse older adult population that is inclusive of individuals that may be at risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). There is accumulating evidence that WM training can be effective in older adults, however, to date, knowledge is extremely limited regarding the underlying mechanisms that mediate and moderate plasticity in WM systems, and what components of training give rise to transfer. Specifically, we will investigate whether there is an inhibitory control (IC) phenotype in older adults at risk of dementia that may explain some of the disparate results observed in the literature in terms of WM training outcome. Specific aims are to test an Inhibitory Control (IC) model that predicts individual differences in how gamification of training using an n-back task differentially affects learning and transfer and contrast this with a General Cognitive Ability (GCA) model (Aim 1). We will further test the generalizability of the models using a complex span training (Aim 2), and furthermore, investigate applicability to Multisensory Facilitation (MF) where sounds supporting visual processing of task targets can promote learning and transfer (Aim 3). This proposal is transformative in that it seeks to understand how individual cognitive strengths and needs in older adults may have different requirements for training interventions. These studies are particularly important and timely given the current state of the field, which is fraught with controversy, and the lack of understanding of the relevant attributes of training and individual differences factors that give rise to successful training outcomes. Understanding the factors is critical to resolve the current controversies and to move towards a theoretical model of training and transfer. Performance in everyday life intimately relies on WM processes, thus, improvements in WM can benefit almost all aspects of our lives. This has driven a now multi- billion-dollar commercial market that has provided early generation training approaches, many of which are targeted at older adult populations who are at risk of AD/ADRD. The proposed research can shed light on the factors that mediate and moderate these types of cognitive interventions and address the extent to which some procedures may, and others may not, lead to improvements in real world cognition. WM deficits exist in a wide range of mental health conditions, cases of disease and brain damage, and in cognitive aging, and training approaches that promote better functioning WM systems can promote health and well-being in these groups. Further this research can elucidate approaches that may not work and help people avoid use of ineffective procedures. The proposed training software will be created on cross-platform game engines to enable us to bring the lab to the participants. In this sense, the research output has innovative and broad impacts that can be directly realized from the proposed research. Programs created in the proposed work will be made publicly available for research dissemination of personalized interventions that can support diverse populations.

项目概要 拟议工作的总体目标是了解介导和调节学习迁移的因素 在不同的老年人群中训练工作记忆（WM）系统，其中包括 可能面临阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症 (AD/ADRD) 风险的个人。有积累 有证据表明 WM 培训对老年人有效，但迄今为止，知识极其有限 关于调节和调节 WM 系统可塑性的基本机制，以及什么 培训的组成部分会引起迁移。具体来说，我们将调查是否存在抑制控制 （IC）有痴呆风险的老年人的表型可以解释在研究中观察到的一些不同结果 关于 WM 训练成果的文献。具体目标是测试抑制控制 (IC) 模型，该模型预测 使用 n-back 任务的训练游戏化对学习和学习的影响存在个体差异 将其转移并与一般认知能力 (GCA) 模型进行对比（目标 1）。我们将进一步测试 使用复杂跨度训练（目标 2）的模型的普遍性，并进一步研究其适用性 多感官促进 (MF)，支持任务目标视觉处理的声音可以促进学习 和转移（目标 3）。该提议具有变革性，因为它试图了解个人认知如何 老年人的优势和需求可能对培训干预有不同的要求。这些研究是 鉴于该领域充满争议的现状以及 对培训的相关属性和导致的个体差异因素缺乏了解 成功的培训成果。了解这些因素对于解决当前争议和解决问题至关重要 朝着培训和转移的理论模型迈进。日常生活中的表现密切依赖于 WM 因此，WM 的改进几乎可以使我们生活的各个方面受益。这推动了现在的多 价值数十亿美元的商业市场提供了早期培训方法，其中许多是 针对有 AD/ADRD 风险的老年人群。拟议的研究可以揭示 介导和调节这些类型的认知干预并解决某些认知干预程度的因素 某些程序可能会改善现实世界的认知，而其他程序则可能不会。 WM 赤字存在于广泛的领域 一系列心理健康状况、疾病和脑损伤病例、认知老化和训练 促进 WM 系统更好运作的方法可以促进这些群体的健康和福祉。 此外，这项研究可以阐明可能不起作用的方法，并帮助人们避免使用无效的方法 程序。拟议的培训软件将在跨平台游戏引擎上创建，以使我们能够 实验室向参与者展示。从这个意义上说，研究成果具有创新性和广泛的影响力，可以 直接从所提出的研究中实现。拟议工作中创建的程序将公开 可用于研究传播可以支持不同人群的个性化干预措施。