Working Memory Training in Older Adults

老年人的工作记忆训练

• 批准号: 9284375
• 负责人: Susanne M Jaeggi
• 金额: $ 64.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9284375
• 关键词: Address; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Behavioral; Belief; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Control Groups; Data; Dementia; Development; Dose; Elderly; Financial compensation; Future; Goals; Image; Individual Differences; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Light; Machine Learning; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Meta-Analysis; Motivation; Older Population; Outcome Measure; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Populations at Risk; Preventive Intervention; Procedures; Process; Psychological Transfer; Quality of life; Randomized Clinical Trials; Regimen; Research; Sample Size; Schedule; Self Efficacy; Short-Term Memory; Specificity; Tablet Computer; Tablets; Techniques; Testing; Training; Treatment Efficacy; Vocabulary; Work; active control; aged; aging population; base; cognitive function; computerized; design; experience; experimental study; follow up assessment; improved; neural circuit; neuromechanism; prototype; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; success; therapy design; usability; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is accumulating evidence that cognitive interventions targeting working memory are beneficial in that they show generalizing effects that go beyond what has been specifically trained, i.e. transfer effects. Although it seems more difficult to observe such transfer effects in older adults as compared to young adults or children, we and others have found that some interventions do show promise in older populations. Despite the promising results, more research is needed to make our interventions more effective and more robust, and to uncover the underlying mechanisms of training in an aging population. For our proposed studies, we envision two lines of research with different goals: First, we aim to address questions of pragmatics. Our goal here is to make our intervention more accessible and inviting for participants, thus increasing their motivation to participate effectively in training regimens. In addition, we will investigate the intervention's optimal scheduling (i.e., spacing of practice), and explore whether the improvements extend to measures of everyday functioning, and finally, investigate longitudinal effects and their trajectories over the course of one year after training completion. These are our applied goals. Second, we propose to address the most important questions of any intervention research: The investigation of the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms of improvement. Furthermore, we will shed light on individual differences as moderating factors for training success. These are our mechanistic goals. Given the sparse availability of effective cognitive interventions, and the limited knowledge about their generalizing effects to applied measures of daily living, the proposed work will have important implications in that it will shed more light on the mechanisms of cognitive plasticity in old age, and serve as groundwork for future large-scale randomized clinical trials and inform future research investigating the efficacy of targeted interventions in populations that are at risk for dementia.

 描述（由申请人提供）：越来越多的证据表明，针对工作记忆的认知干预是有益的，因为它们显示出超越专门训练的泛化效应，即迁移效应。虽然与年轻人或儿童相比，在老年人中观察这种转移效应似乎更困难， 我们和其他人发现，一些干预措施在老年人中确实显示出希望。尽管结果令人鼓舞，但需要更多的研究来使我们的干预措施更有效，更强大，并揭示老龄化人口中培训的潜在机制。对于我们提出的研究，我们设想了两条不同目标的研究路线：首先，我们的目标是解决语用学问题。我们的目标是使我们的干预措施更容易获得并吸引参与者，从而增加他们有效参与培训方案的动力。此外，我们将研究干预的最佳时间安排（即，间隔的做法），并探讨是否改善扩展到日常功能的措施，最后，调查纵向效果和他们的轨迹在一年的过程中，培训完成后。这是我们的应用目标。其次，我们建议解决任何干预研究的最重要的问题：调查潜在的认知和神经机制的改善。此外，我们将阐明个体差异作为训练成功的调节因素。这是我们的机械目标。鉴于有效的认知干预措施的稀缺性，以及对日常生活应用措施的一般化影响的有限知识，拟议的工作将具有重要意义，因为它将更多地揭示老年认知可塑性的机制，并作为未来大型扩大随机临床试验的规模，并为未来的研究提供信息，研究有针对性的干预措施在痴呆症风险人群中的疗效。