Following the Sound of Music - Comparing the Effects of Music vs. Non-Music Based Interventions on Auditory and Cognitive Processing in Older Adults

项目总结 这项拟议工作的总体目标是测试以音乐为基础的干预对语音的好处- 老年人群的竞争能力，包括可能有阿尔茨海默氏症风险的个人 疾病及相关痴呆(ADRD)。与年龄相关的听力障碍很普遍，其中言语障碍 竞争困难是老年人普遍面临的挑战。关键是，这些困难和 挫折通常会导致社会孤立和认知投入减少，它们与 发展成ADRD的风险增加。有证据表明，音乐训练与 老年人的认知优势，包括保留在比赛中发言的能力。然而，到目前为止， 人们的知识极其有限，也缺乏解释音乐如何受益的实验证据。 比赛中的演讲能力，以及更基本的听觉过程和/或认知功能。我们的目标是 有助于揭示推动音乐和注意力潜在影响的潜在机制 一种创新的、基于注意力的音乐听力干预，培养类似于 这些是在正规乐器训练期间发展起来的。为了理清音乐和注意力的潜在影响， 为了了解音乐效果的潜在机制，我们将比较这种基于注意力的音乐的结果 对由被动听音乐或主动音乐组成的两种主动控制干预的干预 听非音乐的声音。具体目标是开发和测试音乐和控制的可行性 以听觉处理和认知为目标的干预和评估(R61；目标1)；干预测试- 使用随机对照试验对比赛中的演讲进行具体改进(R33；目标2)；并确定 实验干预和对照干预是否对听觉加工、记忆、 和注意力，并测试这些因素如何在比赛中的言语测量中发挥中介作用(R33；Aim 3)。长期目标是从整体上理解音乐带来的好处的关键机制 目标是为旨在减轻ADRD影响的干预措施提供信息。这项提议具有变革性，因为它 利用一种创新的方法通过测试 增加干预措施的好处，并对照一系列广泛的结果衡量标准测试其好处，这些措施可以 用来进一步了解听觉过程和认知在衰老过程中的可塑性。此外， 干预措施具有成本效益，易于管理，并且可能不具备 正式的乐器练习所需要的身体能力或资源。此外，还播放了音乐 提供其他好处，包括情绪调节和心理健康，因此，干预 可能具有超出听觉或认知领域的益处。总体而言，拟议的工作旨在为 用于改善和/或预防可能有发生ADRD风险的个人的认知能力下降。

PROJECT SUMMARY The overall objective of the proposed work is to test the benefits of a music-based intervention on speech-in- competition abilities in an older adult population that includes individuals that may be at risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Age-related hearing difficulties are prevalent, with speech-in- competition difficulties being a common challenge amongst older adults. Critically, these difficulties and frustrations often lead to social isolation and decreased cognitive engagement, and they are associated with an increased risk of developing ADRD. There is evidence suggesting that musical training is associated with cognitive advantages in older adults, including preserved ability for speech-in-competition. However, to date, there is extremely limited knowledge and lack of experimental evidence explaining how music might benefit speech-in-competition abilities, along with more basic auditory processes and/or cognitive functions. We aim to contribute to uncovering the underlying mechanisms driving the potential effects of music and attention through an innovative, attention-based music listening intervention that cultivates auditory and attentional skills akin to those developed during formal instrumental training. To disentangle potential effects of music and attention and to get at the underlying mechanisms of music effects, we will compare outcomes of this attention-based music intervention with those of two active control interventions that consist of either passive music listening or active listening to non-music sounds. Specific aims are to develop and test the feasibility of music and control interventions and assessments targeting auditory processing and cognition (R61; Aim 1); test for intervention- specific improvements in speech-in-competition using a randomized-controlled trial (R33; Aim 2); and determine whether experimental and control interventions differentially impact measures of auditory processing, memory, and attention, and test how these may mediate performance on measures of speech-in-competition (R33; Aim 3). Long-term objectives are to understand the key mechanisms underlying the benefits of music with the overall goal to inform interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of ADRD. This proposal is transformative in that it utilizes an innovative approach to uncover potential benefits and underlying mechanisms of music by testing the added benefits of interventions and testing their benefits against a broad set of outcomes measures that can be used to further understand the malleability of auditory processes and cognition in aging. In addition, the intervention is cost-effective, easily administrable, and accessible to individuals who may not possess the physical capabilities or resources that formal instrumental practice demands. In addition, music has been shown to provide other benefits including mood regulation and psychological well-being, and as such, the intervention may have benefits that go beyond the auditory or cognitive domain. Overall, the proposed work aims to contribute to the amelioration and/or prevention of cognitive decline in individuals that may be at risk for developing ADRD.