Impact of a reduced nicotine standard and menthol cigarette ban on reinforcing properties of cigarette smoking among Sexual and Gender Minority (SGM) young adults

项目总结/摘要 本行政补充文件（NOT-OD-20-032）涉及薄荷醇和非薄荷醇的上诉和滥用责任 在年轻成人（YA;年龄18-26岁）中使用极低尼古丁香烟（VLNC）性和性别少数（SGM）薄荷醇 吸烟者。虽然非薄荷醇香烟的使用在青年人中有所下降，但薄荷醇香烟的使用却有所增加。 使用.相对于非SGM个体，SGM成年吸烟者的月经期吸烟率也较高。结果从我们最近的 在俄克拉荷马州进行的一项研究显示，46%的性少数青年报告说， 到30%的异性恋青年。此外，SGM薄荷醇吸烟者想要戒烟的可能性明显降低。的 薄荷香烟的吸引力可能会增加尼古丁的摄入，这可能是吸烟者戒烟欲望较低的原因之一。 SGM薄荷烟。父母补助金使用多方法实验室设计来评估上诉和滥用责任， 薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNC使用实验室和生态瞬时评估（EMA），以及 实验烟草市场（ETM），这将使我们能够模拟一种产品的强化如何导致 根据不同的产品标准，戒烟或替代其他烟草产品。这一行政 补充将包括一个新的具体目标（目标4），以比较SGM和非SGM YAs对薄荷醇的差异 在降低的尼古丁标准的背景下，使用相同的香烟强化和烟草购买行为， 实验室，EMA和ETM方法在父母补助金中提出。具体而言，这一新目标有三个子部分： 目标4a将评估SGM参与者中薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNC的相对增强，以及是否 在实验室中测量的薄荷醇增强在SGM和非SGM YA之间不同。目标4 b将评估相对 在自然环境中测量的SGM参与者中薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNC的增强（通过 EMA），以及薄荷醇增强在SGM和非SGM YA之间是否不同。目标4c将检查差异 SGM和非SGM YA之间的烟草购买行为，在薄荷味禁令和减少 使用ETM范例的尼古丁标准品。总的来说，父母补助金的重点是 薄荷醇在YA吸烟者中的吸引力更广泛，这份行政补充将集中在 薄荷醇在SGM烟草使用者这一完全不同高风险群体中特别具有吸引力。没有数据表明， SGM YA可能受到薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNCS的不同影响，产品特性可能是 由FDA监管。我们相信这项新的研究的目的，它的重点是一个脆弱的烟草使用者群体， 薄荷醇香烟的使用率不成比例地高，将允许更有力的研究结论和更知情的 这是FDA未来对卷烟或其他烟草产品中薄荷醇采取行动的基础。最后，由于 SGM个体中烟草使用比例过高以及FDA打算将VLNC推向市场， 迫切需要了解未来强制性的市场范围内降低香烟尼古丁水平可能会产生什么样的影响。 在SGM YAs的这个特定亚组中，吸烟和吸引力的下游影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This administrative supplement (NOT-OD-20-032) addresses the appeal and abuse liability of menthol and non-menthol very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) among young adult (YA; ages 18-26) sexual and gender minority (SGM) menthol smokers. Although non-menthol cigarette use has declined among YAs, there has been an increase in menthol cigarette use. Menthol smoking is also higher among SGM adult smokers relative to non-SGM individuals. Results from our recent study across the state of Oklahoma revealed that 46% of sexual minority YAs reported menthol cigarette use compared to 30% of heterosexual YAs. Further, SGM menthol smokers are significantly less likely to want to quit smoking. The appeal of menthol cigarettes may enhance nicotine ingestion and could be one reason for the lower desire to quit among SGM menthol smokers. The parent grant uses a multi-method laboratory design to assess appeal and abuse liability of menthol and non-menthol VLNCs using laboratory and ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as well as an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) which will allow us to model how reinforcement of one product may lead to quitting or substitution of other tobacco products as a function of different product standards. This administrative supplement will include a new specific aim (Aim 4) to compare differences between SGM and non-SGM YAs on menthol cigarette reinforcement and tobacco purchasing behavior in the context of a reduced nicotine standard, using the same laboratory, EMA, and ETM methodologies proposed in the parent grant. Specifically, this new aim has three sub-parts: Aim 4a will assess relative reinforcement of menthol and non-menthol VLNCs among SGM participants, and whether menthol reinforcement, measured in the laboratory, differs across SGM and non-SGM YAs. Aim 4b will assess relative reinforcement of menthol and non-menthol VLNCs among SGM participants measured in the natural environment (via EMA), and whether menthol reinforcement differs across SGM and non-SGM YAs. Aim 4c will examine differences between SGM and non-SGM YAs on tobacco purchasing behavior, in the context of a menthol flavor ban and a reduced nicotine standard using an ETM paradigm. Taken together, while the parent grant focuses on the factors that underlie menthol appeal among YA smokers more broadly, this administrative supplement will focus on factors that underlie menthol appeal specifically in a disparate and high-risk group of SGM tobacco users. No data exist on the ways in which SGM YAs may be differentially influenced by menthol and non-menthol VLNCS, product characteristics that can be regulated by FDA. We believe this new study aim, which focuses on a vulnerable group of tobacco users who have disproportionately high rates of menthol cigarette use, will allow for a stronger study conclusion and a more informed foundation for future FDA actions related to menthol in cigarettes or other tobacco products. Finally, because of the disproportionately high use of tobacco among SGM individuals and FDA's intention to bring VLNCs to the market, there is an urgent need to understand how future mandated market-wide reductions in cigarette nicotine levels may have downstream impacts on cigarette smoking and appeal in this particular sub-group of SGM YAs.