Impact of a reduced nicotine standard and menthol cigarette ban on reinforcing properties of cigarette smoking among Sexual and Gender Minority (SGM) young adults

项目摘要/摘要 本行政补充文件(NOT-OD-20-032)涉及薄荷醇和非薄荷醇的上诉和滥用责任 青壮年(YA；18-26岁)、性和性别少数民族(SGM)薄荷醇中的极低尼古丁香烟(VLNC) 吸烟者。虽然非薄荷醇香烟的使用率在雅族中有所下降，但薄荷醇香烟的使用量却有所增加。 使用。SGM成年吸烟者的薄荷醇吸烟率也高于非SGM吸烟者。我们最近的调查结果 俄克拉何马州的一项研究显示，46%的性少数族裔雅族报告使用薄荷醇香烟 到30%的异性恋雅雅。此外，SGM薄荷醇吸烟者戒烟的可能性明显降低。这个 薄荷醇香烟的吸引力可能会增加尼古丁的摄入量，这可能是人们戒烟意愿较低的原因之一 SGM薄荷醇吸烟者。家长奖助金使用多方法实验室设计来评估上诉和滥用法律责任 使用实验室和生态瞬时评估(EMA)的薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNC，以及 实验性烟草市场(ETM)，它将允许我们模拟一种产品的强化可能会如何导致 根据不同的产品标准停用或替代其他烟草产品。这项管理工作 补充内容将包括一个新的具体目标(目标4)，以比较SGM和非SGM Yas在薄荷醇方面的差异 尼古丁标准降低背景下的香烟强化和烟草购买行为，使用相同的 父母拨款中建议的实验室、EMA和ETM方法。具体地说，这一新目标包括三个子部分： 目的4a将评估SGM参与者中薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNC的相对强化，以及 在实验室测量的薄荷醇强化，在SGM和非SGM YA之间是不同的。目标4b将评估亲属 在自然环境中测量的SGM参与者中薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNC的增强(通过 EMA)，以及薄荷醇强化在SGM和非SGM YA中是否有所不同。Aim 4c将检查差异 在薄荷醇香料禁令和减少的背景下，SGM和非SGM Yas之间关于烟草购买行为的 使用ETM范例的尼古丁标准。加在一起，而家长拨款则侧重于基础因素 更广泛地说，薄荷醇在YA吸烟者中的吸引力，这一行政补充将专注于潜在的因素 薄荷醇在SGM烟草使用者的不同和高风险群体中特别有吸引力。目前还没有数据表明 SGM YAS可能受到薄荷醇和非薄荷醇VLNCS的不同影响，产品特征可能是 由FDA监管。我们相信这项新的研究目的，重点是针对烟草使用者的弱势群体，这些人 不成比例的高薄荷醇香烟使用率，将允许更有力的研究结论和更多的信息 为FDA未来对香烟或其他烟草产品中的薄荷醇采取行动奠定基础。最后，由于 在SGM个人中烟草使用量过高，以及FDA打算将VLNC推向市场，存在 迫切需要了解未来强制在整个市场范围内降低香烟尼古丁水平可能会对 在SGM YA这一特定的亚群中，下游对吸烟和吸引力的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This administrative supplement (NOT-OD-20-032) addresses the appeal and abuse liability of menthol and non-menthol very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) among young adult (YA; ages 18-26) sexual and gender minority (SGM) menthol smokers. Although non-menthol cigarette use has declined among YAs, there has been an increase in menthol cigarette use. Menthol smoking is also higher among SGM adult smokers relative to non-SGM individuals. Results from our recent study across the state of Oklahoma revealed that 46% of sexual minority YAs reported menthol cigarette use compared to 30% of heterosexual YAs. Further, SGM menthol smokers are significantly less likely to want to quit smoking. The appeal of menthol cigarettes may enhance nicotine ingestion and could be one reason for the lower desire to quit among SGM menthol smokers. The parent grant uses a multi-method laboratory design to assess appeal and abuse liability of menthol and non-menthol VLNCs using laboratory and ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as well as an Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) which will allow us to model how reinforcement of one product may lead to quitting or substitution of other tobacco products as a function of different product standards. This administrative supplement will include a new specific aim (Aim 4) to compare differences between SGM and non-SGM YAs on menthol cigarette reinforcement and tobacco purchasing behavior in the context of a reduced nicotine standard, using the same laboratory, EMA, and ETM methodologies proposed in the parent grant. Specifically, this new aim has three sub-parts: Aim 4a will assess relative reinforcement of menthol and non-menthol VLNCs among SGM participants, and whether menthol reinforcement, measured in the laboratory, differs across SGM and non-SGM YAs. Aim 4b will assess relative reinforcement of menthol and non-menthol VLNCs among SGM participants measured in the natural environment (via EMA), and whether menthol reinforcement differs across SGM and non-SGM YAs. Aim 4c will examine differences between SGM and non-SGM YAs on tobacco purchasing behavior, in the context of a menthol flavor ban and a reduced nicotine standard using an ETM paradigm. Taken together, while the parent grant focuses on the factors that underlie menthol appeal among YA smokers more broadly, this administrative supplement will focus on factors that underlie menthol appeal specifically in a disparate and high-risk group of SGM tobacco users. No data exist on the ways in which SGM YAs may be differentially influenced by menthol and non-menthol VLNCS, product characteristics that can be regulated by FDA. We believe this new study aim, which focuses on a vulnerable group of tobacco users who have disproportionately high rates of menthol cigarette use, will allow for a stronger study conclusion and a more informed foundation for future FDA actions related to menthol in cigarettes or other tobacco products. Finally, because of the disproportionately high use of tobacco among SGM individuals and FDA's intention to bring VLNCs to the market, there is an urgent need to understand how future mandated market-wide reductions in cigarette nicotine levels may have downstream impacts on cigarette smoking and appeal in this particular sub-group of SGM YAs.