Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Population and Evolutionary Dynamics of Bacteria and Bacteriophage.

细菌和噬菌体的种群和进化动力学的理论和实验研究。

• 批准号: 10331074
• 负责人: Bruce Richard Levin
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10331074
• 关键词: Address; Archaea; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriophages; Basic Science; Biology; Biotechnology; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Computer Simulation; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Domestic Animals; Ecology; Escherichia coli; Evolution; Genetic; Human; Investigation; Lead; Liquid substance; Lytic; Maintenance; Mathematics; Mediating; Modeling; Molecular Biology; Natural Selections; Organism; Planet Earth; Play; Population; Population Biology; Population Study; Program Evaluation; Property; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas syringae; Research; Role; Staphylococcus aureus; Structure; Surface; System; Testing; Theoretical Studies; Vertical Disease Transmission; Virulent; Virus; adaptive immunity; base; density; design; experimental study; models and simulation; pathogenic bacteria; resistance mechanism; theories; transmission process

ABSTRACT The viruses of bacteria and archaea, phage, are touted to be the most abundant organisms on Earth, and a great deal is known about their molecular biology, structure, and mechanisms of replication. Nevertheless there remain fundamental unanswered or incompletely answered questions about the population biology, ecological role, and evolution of these viruses. In this investigation we will address and provide answers to three of these fundamental questions: 1- What are the ecological, genetic and evolutionary conditions for lytic (virulent) phage to be maintained in and regulate the densities of bacterial populations? 2- Under what conditions will selection favor a temperate rather than a purely lytic mode of phage replication and transmission? 3- Under what conditions will selection by lytic and temperate phage favor the evolution and maintenance of CRISPR-Cas mediated adaptive immunity, rather than envelope or other constitutive resistance mechanisms? To address these questions, we will use mathematical and computer simulation models, the properties of which will be analyzed numerically with parameters estimated in the experimental systems that will be employed for population dynamic and evolutionary experiments. We will test the predictions (hypotheses) generated from our analysis of these models in populations of bacteria and phage maintained in liquid, surface, and semisolid culture. Based on the results of these experiments, we will modify our models to make them more realistic. The experiments will be done with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas syringae, and Staphylococcus aureus and their lytic and/or temperate phage. In addition to their importance to academic ecology, population and evolutionary biology, the results of this basic science study may well have practical utility. This investigation will provide an empirically supported theory that could be used to facilitate the design and evaluation of programs to use phage for the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and domestic animals, and to control outbreaks of pathogenic bacteria in crops. !

摘要