Interactions between goals, attention, and memory in younger and older adults

项目摘要/摘要 任务目标的表征是情景记忆提取的重要组成部分，但人们对此知之甚少 记忆目标的神经编码及其在注意准备中的潜在调节 年轻人或老年人在试验水平上的记忆力。这个主题特别重要，需要解决 在老龄化的背景下，因为老年的特点是控制和注意力的变化 在提取过程中对目标和注意力准备的神经编码的潜在影响。这些组件 在认知神经科学研究中被忽视，尽管它们是与年龄相关的日常生活的关键预测因素 功能和神经功能衰退。受认知老化理论和现有数据的推动 额顶脑控制策略、动态注意波动和任务状态去分化 在试验水平的网络作为年龄的函数，拟议的研究计划将利用多变量 解码分析和基于并发任务的脑电-功能磁共振成像 (EEG-fMRI)在两个实验中使用敏感源记忆任务来处理基础和目前为止 关于目标表征、注意力准备和年龄相关变化的未解决问题 大脑计算和脑电振荡是记忆提取过程中这些过程的基础。每个人 实验将整合年龄内和年龄之间的分析，以便老年人的数据不完全依赖于 关于年轻人的数据。目标1将描述领域通用目标和特定领域目标的层次结构 表征在额顶网络中计算，并与内侧颞叶(MTL)机制相关 记忆和行为(例如，根据命中和正确拒绝的检索成功) 杨格记忆目标加工的实验操作和多变量译码分析 以及年长的成年人。这项实验将优化Aim 2的设计和功率，通过方法和 每个目标的发现都可以单独发挥作用。通过脑电前刺激的变化来索引注意准备 试验阿尔法和试验周的θ能力，目标2将具体说明如何通过实验操作来调节 加工目标前的注意准备与单变量血氧水平依赖有关 额顶神经网络中的(BOLD)信号，目标和取回成功表示的多变量解码， 以及年轻人和老年人的行为。这些目标有可能发现关于年龄的新见解- 目标的神经编码和注意准备的相关变化会影响提取。这些实验将会 利用复杂的经验工具推动具有科学意义的新知识的发展 学术和公共卫生。关于目标加工、注意力和记忆的调查范围，以及 它们的相互作用，将(A)促进与理论相关的科学知识，以及在 衰老和记忆的认知神经科学，以及(B)在表征年龄方面更好的公共健康- 神经认知过程中的相关变化，影响日常生活中的认知和行为。

Project Summary/Abstract Representation of task goals is a critical component of episodic memory retrieval, and yet little is known about the neural coding of mnemonic goals and their potential modulation by attentional preparedness in the context of remembering at the trial level in young adults or in older adults. This topic is particularly important to address in the context of aging because older adulthood is characterized by changes in control and attention that have the potential to affect neural coding of goals and attentional preparedness during retrieval. These components are underexplored in cognitive neuroscience research even though they are key predictors of age-related daily functioning and neurological decline. Motivated by theories of cognitive aging and extant data on shifts in control strategies, fluctuations in dynamic attention, and dedifferentiation of task states in frontoparietal brain networks at the trial level as a function of age, the proposed research program will leverage multivariate decoding analyses and concurrent task-based electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) in two experiments using sensitive source memory tasks to address fundamental and as yet unresolved questions regarding age-related changes in goal representations, attentional preparedness, and brain computations and EEG oscillations that underlie these processes during memory retrieval. Each experiment will integrate within- and between-age analytics so that older adult data are not entirely dependent on young adult data. Aim 1 will delineate how hierarchical domain-general and domain-specific goal representations are computed in frontoparietal networks and relate to medial temporal lobe (MTL) mechanisms of remembering and behaviors (e.g., retrieval success in terms of hits vs. correct rejections) by implementing an experimental manipulation of mnemonic goal processing, and multivariate decoding analyses, in younger and older adults. This experiment will optimize the design and power of Aim 2, though the methods and findings of each aim can function separately. By indexing attentional preparedness via variations in EEG pre- trial alpha and peri-trial theta power, Aim 2 will specify how an experimental manipulation that modulates attentional preparedness before a goal is processed relates to univariate blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in frontoparietal networks, multivariate decoding of goal and retrieval success representations, and behaviors in young and older adults. The aims have the potential to uncover new insights into how age- related changes in neural coding of goals and attentional preparedness affect retrieval. The experiments will leverage sophisticated empirical tools to advance new knowledge that has implications for scientific scholarship and public health. The scope of the investigation on goal processing, attention, and memory, and their interaction, will (a) advance scientific knowledge related to theories and critically underexplored topics in the cognitive neuroscience of aging and memory, and (b) better public health in terms of characterizing age- related changes in neurocognitive processes that affect cognition and behavior in everyday life.