MET kinase fusions in pediatric glioblastoma

儿童胶质母细胞瘤中的 MET 激酶融合

• 批准号: 10373782
• 负责人: Renee D Read
• 金额: $ 23.48万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10373782
• 关键词: Adhesions; Adopted; Adult; Apoptosis; Astrocytes; Automobile Driving; Biological Process; Blocking Antibodies; Blood - brain barrier anatomy; Brain; Brain Diseases; C-terminal; Cancer Etiology; Cells; Child; Childhood; Childhood Glioblastoma; Childhood Glioma; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Cytokine Signaling; Cytoplasmic Protein; Data; Development; Doctor of Philosophy; Drug Tolerance; Drug resistance; Experimental Models; FDA approved; Genetic; Glioma; Goals; Growth; IRAK4 gene; Immune; Immunocompetent; Immunosuppression; In Vitro; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Interferon Receptor; Interferons; Investigation; Lead; Lesion; Malignant - descriptor; Mediating; Modeling; Mutation; N-terminal; Natural Immunity; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oncogenic; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pediatric Neoplasm; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacology; Phosphotransferases; Precision therapeutics; Primary Brain Neoplasms; Process; Protein Tyrosine Kinase; Proteins; Proteomics; Publishing; RNA Interference; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Research; Resistance; Resistance development; STAT1 gene; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; TBK1 gene; TLR4 gene; TP53 gene; Testing; Therapeutic Agents; Tissues; Toll-like receptors; Treatment Efficacy; Tumor Stem Cells; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Tumor-Derived; Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor; Variant; Xenograft procedure; antitumor effect; autocrine; base; brain tissue; cell type; chemokine; childhood cancer mortality; cytokine; differential expression; effective therapy; experimental study; extracellular; genetic approach; human model; improved; in vivo; insight; kinase inhibitor; migration; mouse model; mutant; neoplastic cell; nerve stem cell; new therapeutic target; novel therapeutics; overexpression; paracrine; precision medicine; predicting response; predictive marker; prevent; programs; protein protein interaction; receptor; recruit; relating to nervous system; resistance mechanism; response; small molecule; stem; stem cell function; stem cell model; stem cells; stem-like cell; synergism; therapeutic evaluation; therapeutic target; therapy design; transcriptomics; treatment strategy; tumor; tumor microenvironment; tumor progression; tumorigenesis

ABSTRACT High grade gliomas (HGGs), the most deadly malignant primary brain tumors in children, and are incurable with current therapies. To find mutations that drive formation and progression of pediatric HGGs (pHGGs), we genomically characterized over 25 tumors, and we identified fusion mutations in the MET and ALK receptor tyrosine kinases. Recent comprehensive analyses show that RTK fusions are found in up to 40% of pHGGs, and among the most common are MET and ALK fusions, found in more than 10% of pHGGs. Our and others’ data show that for many RTK fusions, in which the C-terminal kinase domain is fused to N-terminal regions of other proteins that are normally highly expressed in neuro-glial stem/progenitor cells, indicating that MET fusions are likely overexpressed as a consequence of developmental programs. Our results show that RTK fusions, such as the MET fusions, create constitutively active kinases capable of transforming neural stem cells into pHGG-like tumors. FDA-approved small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) exist that penetrate the blood-brain barrier that may benefit pHGG patients with MET and ALK fusions as well as other RTK fusions, and these TKIs are being tested in patients with RTK fusions on an investigational basis. However, despite initial responses, MET fusion pHGG patients quickly developed resistant secondary tumors. Therefore, we are using our experiments MET fusion models, which include patient-derived pHGG tumor stem cells and xenografts as well as immunocompetent pHGG mouse models, to discover TKI resistance mechanisms. Already, our preliminary studies implicate cell-intrinsic innate immunity and inflammatory cytokine signaling in TKI drug tolerance and emergence of resistance among pHGG cells with MET fusions. To discover and study resistance mechanisms for MET and other RTK fusions in pHGG, we propose to two aims to 1) examine interactions between RTK fusions, RTK kinase inhibitors, and inflammatory cytokine signaling pathways and their effectors in vitro and in vivo in the brain using our robust MET fusion models, and to 2) test synergy between RTK kinase inhibitors and inflammatory pathway inhibition using pharmacologic and genetic approaches. We will use additional models of RTK fusions pHGGs to determine if our observations are generalizable among pHGGs with RTK fusions. The results of our research may lead to development of new combination precision treatment strategies for pHGG.

抽象的 高级别胶质瘤 (HGG) 是儿童中最致命的恶性原发性脑肿瘤， 目前的疗法无法治愈。寻找驱动儿科 HGG 形成和进展的突变 (pHGGs)，我们对超过 25 个肿瘤进行了基因组表征，并鉴定了 MET 和 ALK 中的融合突变 受体酪氨酸激酶。最近的综合分析表明，RTK 融合存在于高达 40% 的 pHGG，其中最常见的是 MET 和 ALK 融合，存在于超过 10% 的 pHGG 中。我们的和 其他人的数据表明，对于许多 RTK 融合，其中 C 端激酶结构域融合到 N 端 通常在神经胶质干/祖细胞中高表达的其他蛋白质的区域，表明 MET 融合可能因发育计划而过度表达。我们的结果表明 RTK 融合，例如 MET 融合，产生能够转化神经干细胞的组成型活性激酶 转化为 pHGG 样肿瘤。 FDA 批准的小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 (TKI) 可以渗透到 血脑屏障可能有利于具有 MET 和 ALK 融合以及其他 RTK 融合的 pHGG 患者，以及 这些 TKI 正在 RTK 融合患者中进行研究测试。然而，尽管最初 反应，MET融合pHGG患者很快出现耐药继发性肿瘤。因此，我们正在使用 我们的实验 MET 融合模型，其中包括患者来源的 pHGG 肿瘤干细胞和异种移植物 以及免疫活性 pHGG 小鼠模型，以发现 TKI 耐药机制。已经，我们的 初步研究表明 TKI 药物涉及细胞内在先天免疫和炎症细胞因子信号传导 具有 MET 融合的 pHGG 细胞的耐受性和耐药性的出现。发现和研究阻力 为了了解 pHGG 中 MET 和其他 RTK 融合的机制，我们提出两个目标：1）检查相互作用 RTK 融合、RTK 激酶抑制剂和炎症细胞因子信号通路及其效应器之间的关系 使用我们强大的 MET 融合模型在大脑中进行体外和体内实验，并 2) 测试 RTK 激酶之间的协同作用 使用药理学和遗传学方法抑制抑制剂和炎症途径。我们将使用 RTK 融合 pHGG 的其他模型，以确定我们的观察是否可以在 pHGG 中推广 RTK 融合。我们的研究结果可能会导致新的组合精准治疗的发展 pHGG 策略。