Safeguarding Genetic Resources of Aquatic Biomedical Models

项目摘要/摘要： 水生生物医学生物遗传资源是亿万年的产物 进化、数十年的科学发展和数亿美元的研究 资金投资。水生生物已成为生物医学研究的强大模型 世界各地的实验室已经生产了数以万计的突变体和转基因体 线。将这些有价值的基因型作为活体动物来维持是昂贵的、有风险的，并且超出了我们的承受范围。 大多数库存中心的容量。因此，冷冻保存已成为一种必要且通常 这些遗传资源现在作为质量不一致的样本进行保存，并冷冻 基本技术。质量控制尚未以任何系统的方式进行， 重复性差，实验方案不标准化。出现问题和问题是很常见的 施肥失败导致需要重新创建的品系丢失，导致设施浪费 大量的时间和精力。这很大程度上是由于忽视质量控制的错误观念 节省时间和金钱。然而，这些成本并没有减少，而是转移了 下游通过浪费存储空间和减少施肥。这种普遍缺乏 可靠性和可重复性使生物医学研究的大量投资 风险很大。这些普遍存在的问题是 2017 年 NIH 冷冻保存的主题 开发种质资源库以保护水生生物医学遗传资源研讨会。 该提案直接响应了研究界和学术界确定的具体需求 NIH 资助的五个水生动物饲养中心的主任出席了该研讨会。机制 确定提供急需的研究和能力发展是通过 基于AGGRC模型建立Hub和repository网络，即 专门针对将研究转化为应用实践。本次活动的具体目标 建议： 1) 在 NIH 资助的库存中心建立综合存储系统 非洲爪蟾和钝口蝾螈的精子。 2）建立综合资料库 美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 资助的海兔早期生命阶段（例如胚胎、幼虫）储备中心的系统 野兔和所需的藻类种类。 3) 建立一个综合性的集中单位（“Hub”） 整合 NIH 资助的库存中心及其社区的活动，并制定 冷冻保存的方法和文件。这包括协议的开发 和途径、外展计划、社区互动、标准化、冷冻服务、 和培训。 AGGRC 的开发是为了直接满足这些需求，并且非常适合 执行和整合必要的研究、库存中心和网络级活动。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: The genetic resources of aquatic biomedical organisms are the products of millions of years of evolution, decades of scientific development, and hundreds of millions of dollars of research funding investment. Aquatic organisms have become powerful models in biomedical research and laboratories around the world have produced tens of thousands of mutant and transgenic lines. Maintaining these valuable genotypes as live animals is expensive, risky, and beyond the capacity of most stock centers. As such, cryopreservation has become a necessity and typically these genetic resources are now maintained as samples of inconsistent quality frozen with rudimentary techniques. Quality control has not been practiced in any systematic way, reproducibility is poor, and protocols are not standardized. It is common to have problems and failures in fertilization resulting in lost lines that need to be recreated, causing facilities to waste considerable time and effort. This is largely due to the false notion that neglecting quality control saves time and money. However, rather than being reduced, these costs are shifted downstream through wasted storage space and reduced fertilization. This pervasive lack of reliability and reproducibility has placed the substantial investments in biomedical research at great risk. These pervasive problems were the subject of a 2017 NIH Cryopreservation Workshop to develop germplasm repositories to protect aquatic biomedical genetic resources. This proposal directly responds to the specific needs identified by research communities and the Directors of the five NIH-funded aquatic animal stock centers at that workshop. The mechanism identified to deliver the much-needed research and capacity development was through establishment of a Hub and repository network based on the model of the AGGRC, which is specifically directed at translating research into applied practice. The Specific Aims of this proposal are to: 1) Establish comprehensive repository systems at NIH-funded stock centers for sperm of Xenopus frogs and Ambystoma salamanders. 2) Establish a comprehensive repository system at the NIH-funded stock center for early life stages (e.g., embryos, larvae) of Aplysia sea hares and required algae species. 3) Establish a comprehensive, centralized unit (“Hub”) to integrate activities across NIH-funded stock centers and their communities, and develop approaches and documentation for cryopreservation. This includes development of protocols and pathways, outreach programs, community interaction, standardization, freezing services, and training. The AGGRC was developed to directly address these needs and is uniquely suited to perform and integrate the necessary research, stock center, and network-level activities.