21/21 ABCD-USA CONSORTIUM: RESEARCH PROJECT SITE AT WUSTL

摘要 青少年大脑认知发展(ABCD)是关于大脑发育和儿童的最大的长期研究 美国的健康状况。ABCD研究联盟由全国21个研究站点组成， 一个协调中心，以及一个数据分析和信息学资源中心。在最初的五年里，在 RFA-DA-15-015，ABCD从整个财团中招募了11,878名9-10岁儿童的不同样本，以及 将跟踪他们从青春期到青春期的生物和行为发展。 所有参与者都接受了全面的基线评估，包括最先进的大脑成像， 神经心理测试，生物检测，药物使用的仔细评估，心理健康，身体健康， 以及文化和环境。类似的详细评估每两年重复一次。临时面对面年度 访谈和年中电话或移动应用评估提供了精细化的时间分辨率 随着时间的推移发生的发展变化和生活事件，对参与其中的青年和 父母。进行了密集的努力，以使绝大多数参与者通过 青春期及以后，到目前为止，保留率非常高。神经成像扩大了我们的 了解从童年到成年的大脑发育。使用这个和其他尖端技术 技术，ABCD可以确定不同类型的青少年经历(如体育、学校 参与、课外活动、电子游戏、社交媒体、不健康的睡眠模式和使用电子烟) 相互作用，并与儿童不断变化的生物学相互作用，以影响大脑发育和社会、行为， 学术、健康和其他方面的结果。 与科学界安全和私下共享的数据将使调查人员能够：(1)描述 在神经、认知、情感和学习功能方面的个体发展路径，以及 影响因素；(2)制定脑健康发育的国家标准；(3)调查 基因和环境在发育中的相互作用；(4)检查体力活动、睡眠、屏幕 时间、运动损伤(包括创伤性脑损伤)和其他经历影响大脑发育；(5) 确定并复制影响儿童至成年心理健康的因素；(6) 描述精神健康和物质使用之间的关系；和(7)具体说明如何使用物质 如大麻，酒精，烟草和咖啡因，影响发育结果，以及神经，认知， 情绪和环境因素影响青少年物质使用的风险。

Abstract Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) is the largest long-term study of brain development and child health in the United States. The ABCD Research Consortium consists of 21 research sites across the country, a Coordinating Center, and a Data Analysis and Informatics Resource Center. In its first five years, under RFA-DA-15-015, ABCD enrolled a diverse sample of 11,878 9-10 year olds from across the consortium, and will track their biological and behavioral development through adolescence into young adulthood. All participants received a comprehensive baseline assessment, including state-of-the-art brain imaging, neuropsychological testing, bioassays, careful assessment of substance use, mental health, physical health, and culture and environment. A similar detailed assessment recurs every 2 years. Interim in-person annual interviews and mid-year telephone or mobile app assessments provide refined temporal resolution of developmental changes and life events that occur over time with minimal burden to participating youth and parents. Intensive efforts are made to keep the vast majority of participants involved with the study through adolescence and beyond, and retention rates thus far are very high. Neuroimaging has expanded our understanding of brain development from childhood into adulthood. Using this and other cutting-edge technologies, ABCD can determine how different kinds of youth experiences (such as sports, school involvement, extracurricular activities, videogames, social media, unhealthy sleep patterns, and vaping) interact with each other and with a child's changing biology to affect brain development and social, behavioral, academic, health, and other outcomes. Data, securely and privately shared with the scientific community, will enable investigators to: (1) describe individual developmental pathways in terms of neural, cognitive, emotional, and academic functioning, and influencing factors; (2) develop national standards of healthy brain development; (3) investigate the roles and interaction of genes and the environment on development; (4) examine how physical activity, sleep, screen time, sports injuries (including traumatic brain injuries), and other experiences influence brain development; (5) determine and replicate factors that influence mental health from childhood to young adulthood; (6) characterize relationships between mental health and substance use; and (7) specify how use of substances such as cannabis, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine affects developmental outcomes, and how neural, cognitive, emotional, and environmental factors influence the risk for adolescent substance use.