Developmental Neuroscience and Child Psychopathology

发育神经科学和儿童精神病理学

• 批准号: 9102789
• 负责人: Deanna Barch
• 金额: $ 25.27万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9102789
• 关键词: Child; Development; Neurosciences; Psychopathology

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The area of developmental neuroscience and psychopathology is a rapidly growing domain with great potential to inform the understanding of the causal pathways and mechanisms of mental illness. The division of Child Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine is well poised to launch this novel post-doctoral fellowship based on already established innovations related to this domain, as well as the range of related expertise offered by the proposed multidisciplinary mentor group. From a public health perspective, an infusion of new research scientists in the area of developmental neuroscience and psychopathology is a high priority. The proposed multi-disciplinary training approach is guided by a conceptual model that examines emotional, cognitive, behavioral, neurobiological and genetic aspects of psychopathology from a developmental perspective. Further, this training program is guided by a perspective that recognizes that the risk, onset and course of psychiatric disorders arises through a complex interplay of brain developmental processes influenced by psychosocial, genetic, and biological factors that interact beginning in utero and continue throughout development. The program will be guided by two researchers with complimentary expertise in developmental psychopathology (Dr. Joan Luby) and clinical neuroscience and functional imaging (Dr. Deanna Barch). Numerous investigators at Washington University (WU) have a rich track record of experience in many aspects of child neuroimaging, including an emerging new focus on fMRI in very early childhood that allows examination of the evolution of brain behavior relationships in healthy and psychopathological populations as early as the pre-school period. Further, Washington University has an international reputation in psychiatric genetics, with many investigators who can bring both behavioral and molecular genetic approaches to bear on understanding the neurobiology of developmental psychopathology. In addition, the program mentors have a rich body of databases derived from longitudinal studies, several of which began in early childhood. Research taking a developmental psychopathology approach using a neuroscience model is a new and burgeoning area in training programs. The program mentors provide a unique multidisciplinary training environment in which to pursue this exciting new domain focused on childhood, given the established collaborations between child researchers in the School of Medicine clinical and basic departments, and the state of the program in neuroscience and neuroimaging at WU that has been at the fore front of developmental cognitive and affective neuroscience. Further, interactions between researchers in basic and clinical developmental neuroscience offers an opportunity to help train the next generation of young scientists who can pursue questions about the developmental etiology of psychopathology from the perspective of core psychological and neural mechanisms of human behavior that can inform and span traditional boundaries of psychopathology, an approach central to the Research Domain Criteria Initiative (RDOC) led by the NIMH.

描述（由申请人提供）：发育神经科学和心理病理学领域是一个快速增长的领域，具有很大的潜力，可以告知人们对精神疾病的因果途径和机制的理解。华盛顿大学医学院的儿童精神病学系有望根据已经建立的与该领域相关的创新以及拟议的多学科导师小组提供的一系列相关专业知识来启动这一新颖的博士后研究金。从公共卫生的角度来看，在发育神经科学和心理病理学领域的新研究科学家注入了重中之重。提出的多学科培训方法是由一种概念模型指导的，该概念模型从发展的角度研究了心理病理学的情感，认知，行为，神经生物学和遗传方面。此外，该培训计划的指导下的观点是认识到，人们认识到，精神疾病的风险，发作和过程是通过受到心理社会，遗传和生物学因素影响的大脑发育过程的复杂相互作用而产生的，这些过程始于子宫内，并始终在整个发育中继续进行。该计划将由两名具有发育心理病理学专业知识的研究人员（Joan Luby博士）和临床神经科学和功能成像（Deanna Barch博士）的指导。华盛顿大学（WU）的许多研究人员在儿童神经影像学的许多方面都有丰富的经验记录，包括在很早就对fMRI的新兴专注于童年时期，可以在学前班时期检查健康和心理病理学人群中脑行为关系的演变。此外，华盛顿大学在精神遗传学方面享有国际声誉，许多研究者可以将行为和分子遗传学方法带来理解发展心理病理学神经生物学方面的承受。此外，该计划导师拥有纵向研究的丰富数据库，其中一些始于童年。使用神经科学模型采用发展心理病理学方法的研究是培训计划中的新且新兴的领域。鉴于医学院临床和基本部门的儿童研究人员以及WU的神经科学和神经影像状态的状态，该计划的导师提供了一个独特的多学科培训环境，在该环境中，旨在追求这个令人兴奋的新领域，专注于童年时期，该领域的合作始于发展性认知和情感神经科学。此外，从基础和临床发展神经科学领域的研究人员之间的互动提供了一个机会，可以帮助培训下一代的年轻科学家，他们可以从人类行为的核心心理学和神经机制的角度提出有关心理病理学发展学的疑问，这些心理学和神经机制可以为心理病理学的传统界限提供和跨越研究领域的传统界限，这是对研究领域的中心方法的核心。