Overlap in genetic and learning-based mechanisms for alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder

项目概要 除了感染本身的影响之外，COVID-19 大流行还对 行为、社会、精神和物质使用结果。早期数据记录了酒精含量的增加 在大流行之后使用，与之前饮酒量增加的证据一致 压力和创伤事件后的影响。饮酒增加的直接和下游影响，以及 酒精使用障碍（AUD）的发展对公共健康的影响包括酒精使用和酒精使用之间的相互作用 精神困扰（即创伤后应激障碍；PTSD），有问题的饮酒可能会增加 感染/传播 COVID-19 的行为风险，以及削弱免疫系统和 与 AUD 相关的健康状况可能会影响 COVID-19 患者的疾病严重程度。的 本 K01 增补的总体目标有两个。首先，本补充材料旨在将 PI 的培训扩展到 纳入 AUD 的健康影响及其与 COVID-19 风险和严重程度的关系以及分析培训 在密集的时间序列数据收集方法中进行纵向建模和方法训练，以尝试和 对饮酒、创伤后应激障碍、危险行为、 和健康结果。其次，增加了与这些培训目标相关的两个新研究目标 通过利用现有的纵向研究，寻求解决当前压力和酒精使用文献中的差距 数据集，包含前瞻性（即大流行前）数据。这两个新的研究目标是 1）评估当前的、 COVID-19 对酒精表型（例如消费、酗酒、问题）的影响及其轨迹 与大流行前的数据进行比较，2) 在 COVID-19 作为持续压力源的背景下，收集重复的、 时间序列数据，用于检查酒精表型、创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 和新冠病毒特异性之间的时间关系 危险行为（例如，缺乏社交距离）。为了实现这些培训和研究目标，需要额外的导师 拥有 AUD 和 COVID-19 治疗试验对健康影响的专业知识已被添加到 多学科导师团队。此外，PI 的主要 K01 导师在以下方面拥有特定的专业知识： 实施关于物质和心理健康结果和时间序列经验的 COVID-19 调查 创伤应激人群的数据收集。拟议的研究代表了重要的贡献 加深我们对 AUD、PTSD 和风险之间复杂相互关系的理解 在 COVID-19 大流行背景下的行为不仅可以确定谁处于危险之中，还可以确定何时存在危险行为 发生。该信息对于在疫情期间和之后制定公共卫生应对计划非常重要。 大流行。在职业发展奖的保护下，这些试点数据将为未来的大规模研究提供信息 R 级拨款旨在识别和预防与 COVID-19 相关的影响，进一步定位 PI 通过调整正在进行的培训以应对医疗流行病并减少 酒精相关问题的负担，符合 NIAAA 的研究重点。

Project Summary Beyond the impact of infection itself, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in far-reaching effects on behavioral, social, psychiatric, and substance use outcomes. Early data has documented increases in alcohol use in the wake of the pandemic, consistent with prior evidence of increased alcohol consumption during times of stress and following traumatic events. Immediate and downstream implications of increased alcohol use, and development of alcohol use disorder (AUD), on public health include the interplay between alcohol use and psychiatric distress (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD), potential for problematic alcohol use to increase behavioral risk for infection/transmission of COVID-19, and the possibility that weakened immune systems and health conditions associated with AUD may impact disease severity in those who develop COVID-19. The overarching goals of this K01 Supplement are twofold. First, this supplement aims to extend the PI's training to incorporate health impacts of AUD and how it relates to COVID-19 risk and severity, along with analytic training in longitudinal modeling and methodological training in an intensive time-series data collection method to try and develop a mechanistic understanding of the functional relations between alcohol use, PTSD, risky behaviors, and health outcomes. Second, two new research aims associated with these training aims were added which seek to address gaps in the current stress and alcohol use literature by leveraging an existing, longitudinal dataset, with prospective (i.e., pre-pandemic) data. The two new research aims are to 1) assess the immediate, and trajectory of, COVID-19 impacts on alcohol phenotypes (e.g., consumption, binge drinking, problems) in comparison to pre-pandemic data and 2) in the context of COVID-19 as an ongoing stressor, collect repeated, time-series data to examine the temporal relations between alcohol phenotypes, PTSD, and COVID-specific risky behaviors (e.g., lack of social distancing). To achieve these training and research aims, an additional mentor with expertise in both the health impact of AUD and COVID-19 treatment trials has been added to the multidisciplinary mentorship team. Further, the PI's primary K01 mentor has specific expertise in the implementation of COVID-19 surveys on substance and mental health outcomes and experience with time-series data collection in traumatic stress populations. The proposed research represents an important contribution towards advancing our understanding of the complicated interrelationship between AUD, PTSD, and risky behaviors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to determine not only who is at risk, but when risk behaviors occur. This information will be important for attempts to plan for a public health response during and after the pandemic. Under the umbrella of a career development award, this pilot data will inform future large-scale studies and R-level grants aimed at identification and prevention of COVID-19-related impact, further positioning the PI to continue this line of work by adapting ongoing training to be responsive to medical pandemics and decrease the burden of alcohol-related problems, consistent with NIAAA research priority.