Functional and structural organization of motor areas in non-human primates

非人类灵长类动物运动区的功能和结构组织

• 批准号: 10405856
• 负责人: Omar El Gharbawie
• 金额: $ 1.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10405856
• 关键词: Animals; Area; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Biological Assay; Brain; Communication; Data; Digit structure; Dimensions; Elbow; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Ensure; Fire - disasters; Forelimb; Hand; Image; Interruption; Joints; Knowledge; Lateral; Learning; Light; Link; Location; Macaca; Manuals; Maps; Measures; Medial; Mission; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor output; Movement; Muscle; Patients; Pattern; Penetration; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Precentral gyrus; Primates; Process; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Resolution; Response to stimulus physiology; Role; Self-Help Devices; Services; Shapes; Shoulder; Signal Transduction; Site; Source; Spinal Cord; Sterile coverings; Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Task Performances; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Wrist; arm; awake; disability burden; drinking; feeding; finesse; grasp; improved; insight; microstimulation; millimeter; neural patterning; neurophysiology; nonhuman primate; novel; optical imaging; organizational structure; relating to nervous system; response; skills; spatiotemporal; temporal measurement

Coordinated arm/hand movements are central to primate behavior (e.g. feeding, drinking). Dense projections from primary motor cortex (M1) to spinal cord circuits confer on M1 a critical role in controlling the arm and the hand. M1 zones that control the arm mostly non-overlapping with M1 zones that control the hand. Coordinated arm/hand actions must therefore involve coordinated activity between M1 zones, but the underlying mechanisms are as yet unknown. Our central hypothesis is that neural activity in M1 follows a trajectory that is governed by the spatial organization of the arm and hand representations in M1 and by the local M1 connections. We propose to investigate the spatio-temporal organization of M1 activity during reaching and grasping in macaque monkeys. We also propose to determine the organization of the local connections that support communication within M1. Our rationale for pursuing this proposal is that revealing the functional organization and connectivity of M1 will shed light on how information is processed within M1 in the service of arm/hand control. We have refined an investigative strategy that centers on optical imaging; where signal modulations report on neural activity. Using optical imaging to investigate cortical control of movement in primates is novel. The central advantage of optical imaging for this proposal is the capacity for investigating many millimeters of M1 without spatial interruptions, which is needed for determining how spatial patterns of neural activity evolve across M1 during behavior. In Aim 1, we will determine the spatial and temporal organization of M1 neural activity that support reaching and grasping. To that end, we will optically image M1 and record neurophysiological signals throughout M1 as an animal performs a reach-to-grasp task. Target locations and object dimensions will be systematically varied to motivate a range of reach directions and grip postures. In the same M1 territory, we will map the organization of the corticospinal projections by stimulating discrete points in M1 and determining which arm/hand muscles were activated. By co-registering results from imaging, electrophysiology, and motor mapping, we will learn how spatial patterns of M1 activity evolve across the motor map over the course of arm/hand actions. In Aim 2, we will determine the organization of the connections that support communication within M1. Optical imaging presents a critical advantage here because it would open the possibility of determining the organization of cortical connections for hundreds of sites in M1. In this paradigm, the spatial patterns of cortical activation that results from electrical stimulation of a site, would reflect the connectivity patterns of that site. Next, we test neural interactions between connected zones by electrically stimulating one zone and recording neural activity in the connected zone. By registering the connectivity maps and neural interaction results to the motor map, we expect to shed light on the organization of neural communication within the M1 motor map. The two Aims will collectively close knowledge gaps in our understanding of the organizational principles that confer on M1 the capacity to control movements.

手臂/手的协调运动是灵长类动物行为(如进食、饮水)的核心。密集投影 从初级运动皮质(M1)到脊髓回路，M1在控制手臂和 手。控制手臂的M1区域与控制手的M1区域基本不重叠。协调一致 因此，手臂/手的动作必须涉及M1区之间的协调活动，但基础机制 都是未知的。我们的中心假设是，M1中的神经活动遵循一个由 M1中手臂和手表示的空间组织以及本地M1连接。我们建议 目的：研究猕猴伸手和抓取过程中M1活动的时空组织。 我们还建议确定支持M1内通信的本地连接的组织。 我们追求这一提议的理由是，揭示M1的功能组织和连接将 阐明了在手臂/手控制服务中，信息在M1中是如何处理的。我们已经提炼了一个 以光学成像为中心的研究策略；其中信号调制报告神经活动。vbl.使用 光学成像研究灵长类动物运动的皮质控制是一种新颖的方法。光学技术的核心优势 这一提议的成像是在不受空间干扰的情况下研究数毫米M1的能力， 这是确定行为过程中神经活动的空间模式如何在M1上进化所必需的。在AIM 1，我们将确定M1神经活动的空间和时间组织，以支持到达和 贪婪。为此，我们将对M1进行光学成像，并记录整个M1中的神经生理信号 动物执行伸手抓握的任务。目标位置和对象尺寸将系统地变化以 激发一系列的伸展方向和握力姿势。在同一个M1领域，我们将绘制 通过刺激M1中的离散点和确定手臂/手的哪些肌肉进行皮质脊髓投射 激活了。通过共同记录成像、电生理学和运动标测的结果，我们将学习如何 在手臂/手的动作过程中，M1活动的空间模式在整个运动地图上演变。在目标2中，我们 将确定支持M1内通信的连接的组织。光学成像 在这里提供了一个关键的优势，因为它将打开确定皮质组织的可能性 M1中数百个站点的连接。在这个范例中，大脑皮质激活的空间模式导致 从一个地点的电刺激，将反映该地点的连接模式。接下来，我们测试神经 通过电刺激一个区并记录脑内神经活动来实现连通区之间的相互作用 连通区。通过将连接性地图和神经交互结果注册到运动地图，我们预计 以阐明M1运动地图中神经通信的组织。这两个目标将共同 填补我们对组织原则的理解中的知识空白，这些原则赋予M1以下能力 控制移动。