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Functional and structural organization of motor areas in non-human primates

非人类灵长类动物运动区的功能和结构组织

基本信息

批准号：
10653051
负责人：
Omar El Gharbawie
金额：
$ 31.41万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-15 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10653051
关键词：
Animals Area Automobile Driving Behavior Biological Assay Brain Classification Communication Data Digit structure Dimensions Elbow Electric Stimulation Electrodes Electrophysiology (science)Ensure Fire - disasters Forelimb Hand Image Interruption Joints Knowledge Lateral Learning Light Link Location Macaca Manuals Maps Measures Medial Mission Monkeys Motor Motor Cortex Motor output Movement Muscle Patients Pattern Penetration Phase Positioning Attribute Posture Precentral gyrus Primates Process Public Health Reporting Research Resolution Response to stimulus physiology Role Self-Help Devices Services Shapes Shoulder Signal Transduction Site Source Spinal Cord Sterile coverings Structure Structure-Activity Relationship Task Performances Testing Time United States National Institutes of Health Work Wrist arm awake disability burden drinking feeding finesse grasp improved insight microstimulation millimeter neural neural patterning neurophysiology nonhuman primate novel optical imaging response skills spatiotemporal temporal measurement

项目摘要

Coordinated arm/hand movements are central to primate behavior (e.g. feeding, drinking). Dense projections from primary motor cortex (M1) to spinal cord circuits confer on M1 a critical role in controlling the arm and the hand. M1 zones that control the arm mostly non-overlapping with M1 zones that control the hand. Coordinated arm/hand actions must therefore involve coordinated activity between M1 zones, but the underlying mechanisms are as yet unknown. Our central hypothesis is that neural activity in M1 follows a trajectory that is governed by the spatial organization of the arm and hand representations in M1 and by the local M1 connections. We propose to investigate the spatio-temporal organization of M1 activity during reaching and grasping in macaque monkeys. We also propose to determine the organization of the local connections that support communication within M1. Our rationale for pursuing this proposal is that revealing the functional organization and connectivity of M1 will shed light on how information is processed within M1 in the service of arm/hand control. We have refined an investigative strategy that centers on optical imaging; where signal modulations report on neural activity. Using optical imaging to investigate cortical control of movement in primates is novel. The central advantage of optical imaging for this proposal is the capacity for investigating many millimeters of M1 without spatial interruptions, which is needed for determining how spatial patterns of neural activity evolve across M1 during behavior. In Aim 1, we will determine the spatial and temporal organization of M1 neural activity that support reaching and grasping. To that end, we will optically image M1 and record neurophysiological signals throughout M1 as an animal performs a reach-to-grasp task. Target locations and object dimensions will be systematically varied to motivate a range of reach directions and grip postures. In the same M1 territory, we will map the organization of the corticospinal projections by stimulating discrete points in M1 and determining which arm/hand muscles were activated. By co-registering results from imaging, electrophysiology, and motor mapping, we will learn how spatial patterns of M1 activity evolve across the motor map over the course of arm/hand actions. In Aim 2, we will determine the organization of the connections that support communication within M1. Optical imaging presents a critical advantage here because it would open the possibility of determining the organization of cortical connections for hundreds of sites in M1. In this paradigm, the spatial patterns of cortical activation that results from electrical stimulation of a site, would reflect the connectivity patterns of that site. Next, we test neural interactions between connected zones by electrically stimulating one zone and recording neural activity in the connected zone. By registering the connectivity maps and neural interaction results to the motor map, we expect to shed light on the organization of neural communication within the M1 motor map. The two Aims will collectively close knowledge gaps in our understanding of the organizational principles that confer on M1 the capacity to control movements.

协调的手臂/手运动是灵长类动物行为的核心（例如进食，饮水）。密集投影从初级运动皮层（M1）到脊髓回路，M1在控制手臂和脊髓回路中起着关键作用。手控制手臂的M1区域大多与控制手的M1区域不重叠。协调因此，手臂/手的动作必须涉及M1区域之间的协调活动，但其基本机制目前还不清楚我们的中心假设是，M1中的神经活动遵循一个由以下因素支配的轨迹： M1中的手臂和手表示的空间组织以及局部M1连接。我们提出研究猕猴在伸手和抓取过程中M1活动的时空组织。我们还建议确定支持M1内通信的本地连接的组织。我们提出这一建议的理由是，揭示M1的功能组织和连通性，阐明了在手臂/手控服务中，M1如何处理信息。我们提炼了一种以光学成像为中心的调查策略;其中信号调制报告神经活动。使用研究灵长类动物运动的皮质控制的光学成像是新颖的。光学的核心优势该提议的成像是在没有空间中断的情况下研究许多毫米的M1的能力，这是确定在行为过程中神经活动的空间模式如何在M1上演变所必需的。在Aim中 1，我们将确定支持到达的M1神经活动的空间和时间组织，贪婪为此，我们将对M1进行光学成像，并记录整个M1的神经生理信号，动物执行一个达到抓取任务。目标位置和物体尺寸将系统地变化，激发一系列的伸展方向和抓握姿势。在同一个M1区域，我们将绘制通过刺激M1中的离散点并确定哪些手臂/手部肌肉激活通过共同登记来自成像、电生理学和运动标测的结果，我们将了解如何 M1活动的空间模式在手臂/手动作的过程中在运动图上演变。在目标2中，将决定支持M1内通信的连接的组织。光学成像在这里呈现出一个关键的优势，因为它将开启确定大脑皮层组织的可能性。 M1中数百个站点的连接。在这个范例中，大脑皮层激活的空间模式从一个部位的电刺激，将反映该部位的连接模式。接下来，我们测试神经通过电刺激一个区域并记录其中的神经活动，连接区域之间的相互作用连接区。通过将连接图和神经交互结果与运动图配准，我们期望来阐明M1运动地图中神经通讯的组织。这两个目标将共同缩小我们对赋予M1能力的组织原则的理解方面的知识差距，控制动作。