The impact of e-cigarette advertising and warning labels on e-cigarette use behavior in adolescents

项目总结 电子烟现在是美国年轻人使用的最常见的烟草产品。主要原因包括 年轻人报告说，尝试过电子烟的风险较低，味道也很吸引人。青年有穷有穷 了解电子烟的健康风险，直到最近才有必要的警告标签。同时，e- 香烟的广告中含有甜味和水果味，以增加对年轻人的吸引力。我们的一项最新研究 研究小组指出，这些因素也会相互影响--电子烟广告上甜味/水果味的图片 分散年轻人对警示标签的注意力。为了更好地了解这些因素如何影响年轻人使用电子烟， 迫切需要采取措施，将接触电子烟广告和警告标签与未来的电子烟- 吸烟行为。功能磁共振成像(Fmri)已被用来识别大脑活动。 预测未来健康行为的模式，包括自我报告之外的烟草使用。多项功能磁共振研究 这表明，内侧前额叶皮质(MPFC)对香烟警告的反应预示着未来的吸烟。 其他功能核磁共振研究表明，伏隔核(NAC)对广告的反应可以预测 采购。母项目使用了类似的大脑预测器方法，通过功能磁共振成像和眼球跟踪将 青少年对电子烟广告的神经反应和对未来电子烟使用行为的警告标签。 青少年(13-19岁，N=80)在功能磁共振成像中查看电子烟广告和警告标签，并按季度完成 为期一年的跟踪调查。将测量和测试mPFC和NAC活动与 未来电子烟的态度、意图和用途。其他功能磁共振成像控制条件将允许我们测试 不同类别的警示标签和不同的电子烟口味的具体影响，以及相互作用 在这些因素之间，包括它们对警告标签记忆的影响。AIM 1检验了假设 随着青少年查看电子烟警告标签，MPFC活动增加将与更负面的电子烟相关 对香烟的态度和意图以及明年电子烟的使用率下降。探索性目标1.1比较 关于成瘾的警告标签与化学成分之间的mPFC反应。AIM 2测试 假设青少年观看电子烟广告时NAC活动增加将与更多 积极的电子烟态度和意图，并在明年更多地使用电子烟。探险目标 2.1比较多种测量方法--功能磁共振成像、眼球跟踪和调查--的相对价值，以预测未来的e- 明年的香烟使用量。Aim 3复制并扩展了我们最近的研究，测试了 电子烟广告上的味道分散了青少年对警告标签的注意力。总体而言，这个项目应该 就电子烟广告和警告标签对电子烟使用的影响产生关键证据 青少年的行为，并向FDA提供信息，以规范电子烟的口味、标签和营销。重要 还将产生关于预测未来电子烟使用的多项措施的相对价值的信息。 具体目标没有改变，也不会因为这项拟议的补编而改变。

PROJECT SUMMARY E-cigarettes are now the most common tobacco product used by youth in the US. Among the primary reasons youth report for having tried e-cigarettes are low risk perceptions and appealing flavors. Youth have poor knowledge of e-cigarette health risks, which only recently have a required warning label. At the same time, e- cigarettes are advertised in sweet and fruit flavors that increase their appeal to youth. A recent study by our team indicated that these factors also interact –images of sweet/fruit flavors on e-cigarette advertisements distracted youth from warning labels. To better understand how these factors impact e-cigarette use by youth, there is a critical need for measures linking exposure to e-cigarette advertising and warning labels to future e- cigarette use behavior. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to identify brain activity patterns that predict future health behavior including tobacco use beyond self-report. Multiple fMRI studies indicate that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) response to cigarette warnings predicts future smoking. Other fMRI studies indicate that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) response to advertisements predicts purchasing. The parent project uses a similar brain-as-predictor approach with fMRI and eye tracking to link neural responses to e-cigarette advertising and warning labels to future e-cigarette use behavior in youth. Youth (ages 13-19, N=80) view e-cigarette advertisements and warning labels in fMRI and complete quarterly follow-up surveys for one year. MPFC and NAc activity will be measured and tested for relationships with future e-cigarette attitudes, intentions and use. Additional fMRI control conditions will allow us to test the specific impact of different categories of warning labels and different e-cigarette flavors, and the interactions between these factors, including their impact on memory for warning labels. Aim 1 tests the hypothesis that greater MPFC activity as adolescents view e-cigarette warning labels will be related to more negative e- cigarette attitudes and intentions and lower use of e-cigarettes in the next year. Exploratory Aim 1.1 compares MPFC response between warning labels about addictiveness versus chemical constituents. Aim 2 tests the hypothesis that greater NAc activity as adolescents view e-cigarette advertisements will be related to more positive e-cigarette attitudes and intentions and greater use of e-cigarettes in the next year. Exploratory Aim 2.1 compares the relative value of multiple measures –fMRI, eye tracking and surveys –to predict future e- cigarette use in the next year. Aim 3 replicates and extends our recent study by testing whether images of flavors on e-cigarette advertisements distract adolescents from warning labels. Overall, this project should generate critical evidence on the impact of e-cigarette advertising and warning labels on e-cigarette use behavior in youth, and inform FDA efforts to regulate e-cigarette flavors, labeling and marketing. Important information will also be generated on the relative value of multiple measures to predict future e-cigarette use. The specific aims have not changed and will not change as a result of this proposed supplement.