Administrative Supplement to Increase Representation in a Mindfulness Training Trial

奖学金项目摘要 这个项目的首要目标是严格测试正念训练作为认知训练的有效性。 康复工具，以减轻与年龄相关的认知能力下降。尽管过去十年中， 老年人认知训练研究的数量，大多数研究集中在计算机化任务上， 特定的认知训练，导致在训练任务上的表现增强，但对 同一域中的其他任务，不转移到其他域。这项研究采用了正念 训练作为一种认知康复工具，是新颖的，在其重新概念化的传统认知训练 进入一个训练计划，首先是促进集中注意力，从而针对 注意力控制，其次，在培养接受和非反应性的框架中这样做，因此 优先考虑老年人对情感幸福和满足感的社会情感驱动力。我们的主要 一种假设是，八周的正念冥想训练，旨在增加 集中注意力，减少思维的游荡倾向，将提高任务的表现 注意力控制在老年人中，部分通过正念诱导的神经元可塑性，在内在的 大脑的功能结构采用单盲、随机对照设计，120名老年人年龄 65-85将被分配到一个基于正念的减压（MBSR）组或一个积极的生活方式 教育对照组在治疗师接触时间，材料参与， 干预，经验和教学成分的组合，以及感知的认知益处。 将在培训前、培训后和12个月时完成因变量评估 后续会议。在目标1中，我们将调查MBSR训练对行为的短期和长期影响。 和注意力控制的神经相关性（目标1.a和1.b），然后检查心灵的中介作用- 游荡和默认模式的网络连接产生注意力控制的好处（目标1.c）。目的2 调查正念减压疗法对远距离转移到有助于生活质量的能力的功效：广泛的实验室- 认知的基础和日常措施（目标2.a），情绪调节策略（目标2.b）。的 拟议的工作将建立参与正念练习和改善之间的因果关系。 注意力控制以及识别减少的走神和默认模式网络完整性作为潜在的 正念训练对注意力控制的作用机制。不仅会 目前研究设计为老年人认知能力下降提供了一种易于推广且成本有效的治疗方法 成人，它也将提供一个理论机制，在此基础上，未来的认知康复设计， 推动整个康复领域的发展。

PARENT GRANT PROJECT SUMMARY The overarching goal of this project is to rigorously test the efficacy of mindfulness training as a cognitive rehabilitation tool to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. Although the last decade has seen an increase in the number of cognitive training studies in the elderly, the majority of studies focus on computerized task- specific cognitive training, resulting in enhanced performance on the task being trained, but weak transfer to other tasks in the same domain and no transfer to other domains. The proposed study, employing mindfulness training as a cognitive rehabilitation tool, is novel in its reconceptualization of traditional cognitive training approaches into a training program that first and foremost promotes concentrative attention, thereby targeting attentional control, and secondly, does so in a framework that cultivates acceptance and non-reactivity, thus prioritizing older adults’ increased socioemotional drive for emotional well-being and satisfaction. Our main hypothesis is that eight weeks of training in practices of mindfulness meditation, designed to increase concentrative attention and reduce the wandering tendencies of the mind, will increase performance on tasks of attentional control in the elderly, partially via mindfulness-induced neuronal plasticity in the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. Using a single-blind, randomized controlled design, 120 older adults ages 65-85 will be assigned to either a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group or an active lifestyle education control group matched for therapist contact time, engagement with the material, format of the intervention, a combination of experiential and didactic components, and perceived cognitive benefits. Assessments of dependent variables will be completed at pre-training, post-training, and then at a 12-month follow-up session. In Aim 1, we will investigate the short- and long-term impact of MBSR training on behavioral and neural correlates of attentional control (Aim 1.a & 1.b), and then examine the mediating role of mind- wandering and default-mode network connectivity in yielding attentional control benefits (Aim 1.c). Aim 2 investigates the efficacy of MBSR for far-transfer to abilities contributing to quality of life: broad laboratory- based and everyday measures of cognition (Aim 2.a), and emotion regulation strategies (Aim 2.b). The proposed work will establish the causal link between engagement in mindfulness practices and improved attentional control as well as identify reduced mind-wandering and default-mode network integrity as potential mechanisms of action through which mindfulness training exerts its effect on attentional control. Not only will the current study design offer an easily disseminable and cost effective treatment for cognitive decline in older adults, it will also provide a theoretical mechanism on which to base future cognitive rehabilitation designs, advancing the field of rehabilitation as a whole.