Administrative Supplement to Increase Representation in a Mindfulness Training Trial

家长助学金项目摘要 这个项目的首要目标是严格测试正念训练作为一种认知训练的有效性。 康复工具，以缓解与年龄相关的认知能力下降。尽管在过去的十年中， 在老年人认知训练研究的数量中，大部分研究集中在计算机化任务-- 特定的认知训练，导致在被训练的任务上的表现增强，但对 同一域中的其他任务，不能转移到其他域。拟议的研究，使用正念 训练作为一种认知康复工具，在对传统认知训练的重新构思上是新颖的 进入培训计划，首先促进集中注意力，从而有针对性 注意力控制，其次，在培养接受性和非反应性的框架内这样做，因此 优先考虑老年人对情感幸福感和满足感日益增强的社会情感驱动力。我们的Main 假设是八周的正念冥想训练，旨在增加 集中注意力和减少走神的倾向，将提高任务的表现 老年人的注意控制，部分是通过正念诱导的固有神经元可塑性 大脑的功能架构。使用单盲随机对照设计，120名老年人年龄 65-85岁的人将被分配到基于正念的减压(MBSR)组或积极的生活方式中 教育对照组在治疗师接触时间、材料参与度、形式等方面进行匹配 干预，经验和教化成分的结合，以及感知到的认知好处。 对因变量的评估将在培训前、培训后，然后在12个月内完成 后续会议。在目标1中，我们将调查MBSR训练对行为的短期和长期影响 和注意控制的神经关联(目标1.a和1.b)，然后考察心理的中介作用- 在产生注意控制益处方面的漫游和默认模式网络连接(目标1.c)。目标2 调查MBSR对远距离转移到对生活质量有贡献的能力的有效性：广泛的实验室- 基于和日常的认知测量(目标2.a)和情绪调节策略(目标2.b)。这个 拟议的工作将在专注练习和改进之间建立因果联系 注意力控制以及将减少走神和默认模式网络完整性识别为潜在的 正念训练对注意力控制起作用的作用机制。不仅会 目前的研究设计为老年人认知障碍提供了一种易于传播和成本效益高的治疗方法 它还将提供一种理论机制，作为未来认知康复设计的基础， 统筹推进康复领域。

PARENT GRANT PROJECT SUMMARY The overarching goal of this project is to rigorously test the efficacy of mindfulness training as a cognitive rehabilitation tool to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. Although the last decade has seen an increase in the number of cognitive training studies in the elderly, the majority of studies focus on computerized task- specific cognitive training, resulting in enhanced performance on the task being trained, but weak transfer to other tasks in the same domain and no transfer to other domains. The proposed study, employing mindfulness training as a cognitive rehabilitation tool, is novel in its reconceptualization of traditional cognitive training approaches into a training program that first and foremost promotes concentrative attention, thereby targeting attentional control, and secondly, does so in a framework that cultivates acceptance and non-reactivity, thus prioritizing older adults’ increased socioemotional drive for emotional well-being and satisfaction. Our main hypothesis is that eight weeks of training in practices of mindfulness meditation, designed to increase concentrative attention and reduce the wandering tendencies of the mind, will increase performance on tasks of attentional control in the elderly, partially via mindfulness-induced neuronal plasticity in the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. Using a single-blind, randomized controlled design, 120 older adults ages 65-85 will be assigned to either a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group or an active lifestyle education control group matched for therapist contact time, engagement with the material, format of the intervention, a combination of experiential and didactic components, and perceived cognitive benefits. Assessments of dependent variables will be completed at pre-training, post-training, and then at a 12-month follow-up session. In Aim 1, we will investigate the short- and long-term impact of MBSR training on behavioral and neural correlates of attentional control (Aim 1.a & 1.b), and then examine the mediating role of mind- wandering and default-mode network connectivity in yielding attentional control benefits (Aim 1.c). Aim 2 investigates the efficacy of MBSR for far-transfer to abilities contributing to quality of life: broad laboratory- based and everyday measures of cognition (Aim 2.a), and emotion regulation strategies (Aim 2.b). The proposed work will establish the causal link between engagement in mindfulness practices and improved attentional control as well as identify reduced mind-wandering and default-mode network integrity as potential mechanisms of action through which mindfulness training exerts its effect on attentional control. Not only will the current study design offer an easily disseminable and cost effective treatment for cognitive decline in older adults, it will also provide a theoretical mechanism on which to base future cognitive rehabilitation designs, advancing the field of rehabilitation as a whole.