Mindfulness Training for Mitigating Age-Related Cognitive Decline in the Elderly

缓解老年人与年龄相关的认知衰退的正念训练

• 批准号: 10187472
• 负责人: Ruchika Shaurya Prakash
• 金额: $ 36.06万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10187472
• 关键词: Adherence; Affective; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Architecture; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Brain; Characteristics; Cognition; Control Groups; Data; Decision Making; Education; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Future; Goals; Impaired cognition; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Lateral; Life Style; Link; Maintenance; Matched Group; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Mind; Mindfulness Training; Nerve Degeneration; Neuronal Plasticity; Outcome; Performance; Placebo Control Effect; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychological Transfer; Public Health; Quality of life; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Design; Resources; Rest; Role; Single-Blind Study; Testing; Time; Training; Training Programs; Well in self; Work; active control; active lifestyle; age related; aging brain; attentional control; base; cognitive benefits; cognitive enhancement; cognitive function; cognitive performance; cognitive process; cognitive rehabilitation; cognitive task; cognitive training; computerized; cost effective; cost effective treatment; design; distraction; efficacy testing; emotion regulation; executive function; follow-up; human old age (65+); improved; indexing; intervention cost; lifestyle intervention; mindfulness; mindfulness meditation; mindfulness-based stress reduction; neural correlate; novel; post intervention; programs; randomized controlled design; recruit; relating to nervous system; satisfaction; skills; tool; treatment duration; treatment effect

The overarching goal of this project is to rigorously test the efficacy of mindfulness training as a cognitive rehabilitation tool to mitigate age-related cognitive decline. Although the last decade has seen an increase in the number of cognitive training studies in the elderly, the majority of studies focus on computerized task-specific cognitive training, resulting in enhanced performance on the task being trained, but weak transfer to other tasks in the same domain and no transfer to other domains. The proposed study, employing mindfulness training as a cognitive rehabilitation tool, is novel in its reconceptualization of traditional cognitive training approaches into a training program that first and foremost promotes concentrative attention, thereby targeting attentional control, and secondly, does so in a framework that cultivates acceptance and non-reactivity, thus prioritizing older adults' increased socioemotional drive for emotional well-being and satisfaction. Our main hypothesis is that eight weeks of training in practices of mindfulness meditation, designed to increase concentrative attention and reduce the wandering tendencies of the mind, will increase performance on tasks of attentional control in the elderly, partially via mindfulness-induced neuronal plasticity in the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain. Using a single-blind, randomized controlled design, 120 older adults ages 65-85 will be assigned to either a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group or an active lifestyle education control group matched for therapist contact time, engagement with the material, format of the intervention, a combination of experiential and didactic components, and perceived cognitive benefits. Assessments of dependent variables will be completed at pre-training, post-training, and then at a 12-month follow-up session. In Aim 1, we will investigate the short- and long-term impact of MBSR training on behavioral and neural correlates of attentional control (Aim 1.a and 1.b), and then examine the mediating role of mind-wandering and default-mode network connectivity in yielding attentional control benefits (Aim 1.c). Aim 2 investigates the efficacy of MBSR for far-transfer to abilities contributing to quality of life: broad laboratory- based and everyday measures of cognition (Aim 2.a), and emotion regulation strategies (Aim 2.b). The proposed work will establish the causal link between engagement in mindfulness practices and improved attentional control as well as identify reduced mind-wandering and default-mode network integrity as potential mechanisms of action through which mindfulness training exerts its effect on attentional control. Not only will the current study design offer an easily disseminable and cost effective treatment for cognitive decline in older adults, it will also provide a theoretical mechanism on which to base future cognitive rehabilitation designs, advancing the field of rehabilitation as a whole.

该项目的总体目标是严格测试正念训练的功效，作为一种认知康复工具，以减轻与年龄相关的认知能力下降。尽管过去十年中，老年人的认知培训研究数量有所增加，但大多数研究都集中在计算机化任务特定的认知训练上，从而提高了对培训的任务的绩效，但在同一领域的其他任务转移较弱，没有转移到其他领域。拟议的研究采用正念训练作为一种认知康复工具，在重新概念化传统的认知训练方法中是新颖的，该方法首先促进了集中的注意力，其次是针对注意力控制，从而在框架中确实促进了接受性和非反应性和非反应性，从而增强了老年人的良好性，以使成人良好地努力，以使人变得良好。我们的主要假设是，在正念冥想实践中进行了八周的训练，旨在增加集中注意力并减少思维的徘徊趋势，将通过部分通过正念诱导的大脑固有功能型的神经元的可塑性来提高老年人注意力控制任务的表现。使用单盲，随机对照设计，将为65-85岁的120名老年人分配给基于正念的压力减轻（MBSR）组或一个积极的生活方式教育对照组，以匹配治疗师的接触时间，与材料的互动，干预的形式，经验性成分和教学成分的组合，并具有良性的cog依。对因变量的评估将在培训前，培训后，然后在12个月的随访中完成。在AIM 1中，我们将研究MBSR培训对注意力控制的行为和神经相关性的短期和长期影响（AIM 1.A和1.B），然后检查降低思维和默认模式网络连接在产生注意力控制益处的中介作用（AIM 1.C）。 AIM 2调查了MBSR对有助于生活质量的能力的较远能力的功效：基于实验室的广泛和日常认知措施（AIM 2.A）和情感调节策略（AIM 2.B）。拟议的工作将建立在正念实践中的参与与改善注意力控制之间的因果关系，并确定减少的思维方式和默认模式网络完整性是动作的潜在机制，通过这种机制，正念训练对注意力控制的影响都会对其进行影响。当前的研究设计不仅会为老年人的认知能力下降提供易于分散且具有成本效益的治疗，而且还将提供一种理论机制，以基于未来的认知康复设计，并促进整个康复领域的发展。