Project 1: Harmful algal bloom dynamics: assessing physiological and behavioral plasticity in natural populations

项目 1：有害藻华动态：评估自然种群的生理和行为可塑性

• 批准号: 10434781
• 负责人: Donald M. Anderson
• 金额: $ 14.37万
• 依托单位: WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-30 至 2024-03-08
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10434781
• 关键词: Arctic Regions; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Cells; Chills; Climate; Complex; Cyst; Data; Detection; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Ecosystem; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Funding; Future; Gametogenesis; Germination; Goals; Growth; Habitats; Health; Human; In Situ; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Maine; Measurement; Microscope; Modeling; Needs Assessment; Nutrient; Oceans; Organism; Paralysed; Parasitic infection; Pattern; Physiological; Physiology; Phytoplankton; Poisoning; Population; Population Dynamics; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Sampling; Shellfish; Swimming; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Time; Toxic effect; Toxin; Wood material; Work; base; behavioral plasticity; behavioral response; climate change; community engagement; conditioning; exposed human population; future climate scenario; harmful algal blooms; improved; insight; knowledge base; migration; mortality; novel; programs; response; stem

Alexandrium fundyense and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. present expanding public health threats through their associated poisoning syndromes, paralytic shellfish poisoning and amnesic shellfish poisoning. A major concern is the extent to which these harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their human health impacts will be altered by a changing climate. The Gulf of Maine is an ideal setting to explore this problem due to its long history of A. fundyense investigations examining bloom physiology, toxicity, and bloom dynamics, leading to construction of a robust population dynamics model. Nevertheless realistic forecasts under changing climate conditions remain challenging for both A. fundyense and Pseudo-nitzschia, an emerging and less studied threat. Current models for A. fundyense rely on culture-based characterizations of behavior that are not valid in the natural environment, as demonstrated by novel in situ observations made during our prior WHCOHH program. Life cycle processes, growth, grazing and mortality rates, and swimming patterns have all been found to be significantly different in situ, making culture-based data inadequate for model assessments. A second challenge stems from the adaptive potential of these taxa, whose physiologies vary substantially across their ranges. This project's scientific premise is that our ability to assess and predict short- and long- term responses of these HABs and their human health impacts to climate change requires characterization of critical rates and behavioral patterns in natural populations, generated, whenever possible, through in situ observations. Based on the new finding of a chilling requirement regulating the dormancy period of A. fundyense cysts in the Nauset Marsh estuary, Aim 1 will assess plasticity of this response across multiple habitats and populations and explore whether the temperature conditioning requirements of A. fundyense are adaptive across its range. Aim 2 will use in situ technologies to determine relationships between temperature and A. fundyense division, grazing, accumulation, and toxicity onset across a range of habitats. Previous WHCOHH work discovered unexpectedly high accumulation and division rates for A. fundyense in Nauset Marsh. If growth is similarly elevated across other habitats, incorporation of these rates into growing degree- day and more complex, mechanistic models promise improved predictions of bloom timing and toxicity and climate change assessments. Aim 3 will establish how cell concentration thresholds, parasite infections, and migration shifts contribute to A. fundyense bloom termination. Aim 4 will greatly expand the knowledge base for Pseudo-nitzschia bloom dynamics by combining previous and new in situ and lab-based observations. Pseudo-nitzschia species composition is a first order predictor of toxicity, so knowledge of species diversity and differences between species' physiology and life cycle dynamics is needed for toxicity predictions. In summary, the project will provide the in situ assessments needed to develop and refine the bloom dynamics models that underlie climate projections and estimates of human exposure to HAB toxins (Projects 2 and 3).

Alexandrium Fundyense和伪nitzschia spp。目前通过他们的公共卫生威胁扩大 相关的中毒综合征，麻痹贝类中毒和健忘症贝类中毒。专业 关注的是这些有害的藻华（HAB）及其人类健康影响的程度 随着气候变化而改变。缅因州的湾是探索这个问题的理想场所 A. fundyense研究的历史研究了Bloom生理，毒性和开花动力学的历史，导致 构建强大的人口动态模型。然而，在气候变化下的现实预测 对于A. fundyense和伪nitzschia来说，条件仍然具有挑战性，这是一种新兴而研究的较少 威胁。 A. fundyense的当前模型依赖于基于文化的行为表征，这些表征在 自然环境，如我们先前的whh期间进行的新型原位观测所证明的那样 程序。生命周期过程，增长，放牧和死亡率以及游泳模式都 发现原位有显着差异，这使得基于文化的数据不足以进行模型评估。一个 第二个挑战源于这些分类单元的适应性潜力，它们的生理差异很大 在他们的范围内。该项目的科学前提是我们评估和预测短期和长期的能力 这些HAB的期限及其对气候变化的人类健康影响需要表征 自然种群中的关键率和行为模式，尽可能通过原位产生 观察。基于调节A的休闲要求的新发现。 Nauset Marsh河口中的Fundyense囊肿，AIM 1将评估多个响应的可塑性 栖息地和人口，并探索fundyense的温度调节要求是 在其范围内自适应。 AIM 2将使用原位技术来确定温度之间的关系 和A. Fundyense划分，放牧，积累和毒性发作，遍布各种栖息地。以前的 whoh的工作发现了nauset中的A. fundyense意外的高积累和分裂率 沼泽。如果在其他栖息地中类似地增长，则将这些速率纳入不断增长的程度 - 日期和更复杂的机械模型有望改善对绽放时间和毒性的预测， 气候变化评估。 AIM 3将确定细胞浓度阈值，寄生虫感染和 迁移变化有助于A. fundyense Bloom终止。 AIM 4将大大扩展知识库 伪nitzschia bloom动力学通过结合以前和新的原位和基于实验室的观测值。 伪nitzschia物种组成是毒性的一阶预测指标，因此对物种多样性的了解 毒性预测需要物种生理学和生命周期动态之间的差异。在 总而言之，该项目将提供开发和完善Bloom动态所需的原位评估 气候预测和人类暴露于HAB毒素的估计的模型（项目2和3）。