Development & Malleability from Childhood to Adulthood

摘要 本申请是根据NOT-DA-21-044， 在NIDA资助的赠款中支持健康公平研究。我们请求对R 01进行补充 DA044184（N. Ialongo，PI），目前在4年级，并支持对前 参与了一项随机的、普遍的、以小学为基础的预防性干预试验， 1993年秋季开始服役。种族主义是黑人所经历的物质使用不平等的驱动力 个体然而，关键的差距限制了我们对种族主义对药物使用的影响的理解。令人担忧的是， 以往将种族主义与药物使用风险和药物使用联系起来的大多数研究都侧重于人际关系， 种族主义（即，种族歧视），而相对忽视其他类型的种族主义。此外，许多先前的研究 关注风险，较少关注黑人个体的优势，资源和弹性。因此，在本发明中， 我们对不同类型的种族主义如何与物质使用风险和行为联系知之甚少， 这些联系是最强有力的，也是支持在种族主义暴露的背景下进行积极调整的进程。 与NOT-DA-21-044中确定的研究领域一致，特别是，研究发现新的 个人层面或系统性弹性或风险因素，有助于公平或不公平，我们建议解决 这些差距通过研究，将整合多层次的种族主义经验（即，制度上的，人际间的， 内化），以了解种族主义与药物使用之间的联系（目标1）;并探讨个人， 防止种族主义对药物使用产生影响社会和文化资源（目标2）。更 具体来说，我们将增加对内部化和制度化种族主义的衡量标准，以及对个人、社会和文化的衡量标准。 与物质使用相关的资源，以社区流行病学定义为特征的母RO 1 非裔美国人参与者的样本从6岁到34岁。这些新措施将 提供有关内部和人际因素的新信息，这些因素支撑着弹性，并减轻了 系统性种族主义对非裔美国成年人药物使用的负面影响。增强的 了解与物质使用和保护有关的个人，社会和文化资源 种族主义可以确定可延展的目标，为制定文化上相关的预防性措施提供信息， 干预措施，增加参与和保留计划，从而帮助减少实质上的不平等 使用.

Abstract This application is being submitted in response to NOT-DA-21-044, Administrative Supplements to Support Research on Health Equity in NIDA-Funded Grant Awards. We are requesting a supplement to R01 DA044184 (N. Ialongo, PI), which is currently in Year 4 and is supporting a long-term follow-up study of former participants in a randomized, universal, elementary school-based preventive intervention trial that was originally fielded in the fall of 1993. Racism is a driving force of inequities in substance use experienced by Black individuals. However, critical gaps constrain our understanding of racism’s effects on substance use. Of concern, most prior research linking racism with substance use risks and with substance use has focused on interpersonal racism (i.e., racial discrimination) to the relative neglect of other types of racism. In addition, much prior research has focused on risks, with less attention to the strengths, resources, and resilience of Black individuals. Thus, we know little about how different types of racism are linked with substance use risk and behaviors, for whom these links are the strongest, and processes that support positive adjustment in the context of racism exposures. Consistent with the areas for research identified in NOT-DA-21-044, in particular, research to discover new individual-level or systemic resilience or risk factors that contribute to equity or inequity, we propose to address these gaps via research that will integrate multiple levels of racism experience (i.e., institutional, interpersonal, internalized) to understand the links between racism and substance use (Aim 1); and to explore how individual, social and culturally-specific resources protect against racism effects on substance use (Aim 2). More specifically, we will add measures of internalized and institutional racism, and individual, social, and cultural resources relevant for substance use to the parent RO1 which features a community epidemiologically-defined sample of African American participants followed from age 6 through age 34. These additional measures will provide novel information regarding intra- and interpersonal factors that underpin resilience and mitigate the negative effects of systemic racism on substance use amongst African American adults. An enhanced understanding of individual, social, and cultural resources relevant to substance use and protective against racism could identify malleable targets needed to inform the development of culturally relevant preventive interventions, increase engagement and retention in programs, and thereby help reduce inequities in substance use.