Development & Malleability from Childhood to Adulthood

摘要 本申请是根据NOT-DA-21-044《行政补充文件》提交的 NIDA资助的奖助金中的健康公平支持研究。我们要求补充R01 DA044184(N.Ialongo，Pi)，目前在第4年，正在支持对前一年的长期后续研究 一项随机的、普遍的、以小学为基础的预防性干预试验的参与者，最初是 1993年秋天被派往现场。种族主义是布莱克所经历的物质使用不平等的驱动力 个人。然而，严重的差距限制了我们对种族主义对物质使用的影响的理解。令人担忧的是， 之前大多数将种族主义与药物使用风险和药物使用联系起来的研究都集中在人际关系上 将种族主义(即种族歧视)转变为相对忽视其他类型的种族主义。此外，更多以前的研究 专注于风险，较少关注黑人个人的优势、资源和韧性。因此， 我们对不同类型的种族主义如何与物质使用风险和行为联系在一起知之甚少 这些联系是最强有力的，也是在种族主义曝光的背景下支持积极调整的进程。 与NOT-DA-21-044中确定的研究领域一致，特别是研究发现新的 个人层面或系统的韧性或导致公平或不公平的风险因素，我们建议解决 这些差距将通过研究整合多个层面的种族主义经验(即，机构、人际、 了解种族主义和药物使用之间的联系(目标1)，并探讨个人、 社会和文化资源防止种族主义对物质使用的影响(目标2)。更多 具体地说，我们将增加内在化和制度化的种族主义以及个人、社会和文化的措施 与物质使用相关的资源与父RO1相关，该RO1以流行病学定义的社区为特色 非裔美国人参与者的样本从6岁一直跟踪到34岁。这些额外措施将 提供有关内部和人际因素的新信息，这些因素支持弹性并缓解 系统性种族主义对非裔美国成年人物质使用的负面影响。增强版 了解与物质使用和预防有关的个人、社会和文化资源 种族主义可以确定可延展的目标，以便为制定与文化相关的预防措施提供信息 干预，增加方案的参与度和保留率，从而有助于减少实质上的不平等 使用。

Abstract This application is being submitted in response to NOT-DA-21-044, Administrative Supplements to Support Research on Health Equity in NIDA-Funded Grant Awards. We are requesting a supplement to R01 DA044184 (N. Ialongo, PI), which is currently in Year 4 and is supporting a long-term follow-up study of former participants in a randomized, universal, elementary school-based preventive intervention trial that was originally fielded in the fall of 1993. Racism is a driving force of inequities in substance use experienced by Black individuals. However, critical gaps constrain our understanding of racism’s effects on substance use. Of concern, most prior research linking racism with substance use risks and with substance use has focused on interpersonal racism (i.e., racial discrimination) to the relative neglect of other types of racism. In addition, much prior research has focused on risks, with less attention to the strengths, resources, and resilience of Black individuals. Thus, we know little about how different types of racism are linked with substance use risk and behaviors, for whom these links are the strongest, and processes that support positive adjustment in the context of racism exposures. Consistent with the areas for research identified in NOT-DA-21-044, in particular, research to discover new individual-level or systemic resilience or risk factors that contribute to equity or inequity, we propose to address these gaps via research that will integrate multiple levels of racism experience (i.e., institutional, interpersonal, internalized) to understand the links between racism and substance use (Aim 1); and to explore how individual, social and culturally-specific resources protect against racism effects on substance use (Aim 2). More specifically, we will add measures of internalized and institutional racism, and individual, social, and cultural resources relevant for substance use to the parent RO1 which features a community epidemiologically-defined sample of African American participants followed from age 6 through age 34. These additional measures will provide novel information regarding intra- and interpersonal factors that underpin resilience and mitigate the negative effects of systemic racism on substance use amongst African American adults. An enhanced understanding of individual, social, and cultural resources relevant to substance use and protective against racism could identify malleable targets needed to inform the development of culturally relevant preventive interventions, increase engagement and retention in programs, and thereby help reduce inequities in substance use.