Fiber-rich Foods to Treat Obesity and Prevent Colon Cancer

项目摘要/摘要 肥胖是一个重要的公共卫生问题，也是众所周知的结直肠癌(CRC)的危险因素。 西方饮食，高卡路里和高脂肪，缺乏富含纤维的食物，是新陈代谢疾病的关键驱动因素，如 肥胖和结直肠癌。高纤维饮食，包括豆类食物，如干豆和小扁豆，可能会有 对介导肥胖与癌症关系的潜在生物反应的有利影响包括 胰岛素信号、慢性炎症、胃肠动力、肠道微生物区系变化和平衡 细胞增殖和凋亡之间的关系。我们建议在之前研究的基础上证明 短期内严格监测富含纤维的食物摄入量的增加有助于减肥并抑制 癌症风险的生物标志物。目前研究的目标是进行为期12个月的随机平行对照试验 临床试验以预分食和战略营养指导为特色，将豆类整合到 健康的高纤维饮食模式。在干预过程中，参与者将接受密集的教育 与行为调整相结合，过渡到自我指导并最终可持续的维护阶段。 这项研究将针对患结直肠癌风险最高的多样化人群(招募70人；50%男性/50%女性)， 有息肉切除术病史的超重和肥胖参与者，测试高豆类、高纤维饮食是否 与对照饮食相比，会增加体重减轻并抑制结肠粘膜癌症风险的生物标记物。在……里面 此外，我们还将探索高豆类干预饮食对微生物群和 代谢组、胃肠道转运时间以及炎症和胰岛素抵抗的系统生物标记物。 鉴于高纤维饮食和低纤维饮食人群之间的CRC差异是20倍 饮食方面，这项研究的结果可能显示出改变饮食以降低因 结直肠癌等西化疾病。

Project Summary/Abstract Obesity is a significant public health concern and a well-known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Western diet, high in calories and fat and deficient in fiber-rich foods, is a key driver of metabolic diseases like obesity and CRC. High-fiber diets including foods like legumes, such as dry beans and lentils, could have favorable effects on underlying biological responses that mediate the obesity-cancer relationship including insulin signaling, chronic inflammation, gastrointestinal motility, gut microbiota changes and the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. We propose to build upon our previous research demonstrating that short-term strictly monitored increases in fiber-rich food consumption facilitates weight loss and suppresses biomarkers of cancer risk. The goal of the current research is to conduct a 12-month parallel arm randomized clinical trial featuring pre-portioned entrées and strategic nutritional instruction to integrate legumes into a healthy high-fiber diet pattern. Over the course of the intervention participants will receive intense education combined with behavior modification, transitioning to self-directed and finally sustainable maintenance phases. The research will target a diverse population at highest risk for CRC (recruit n=70; 50% males / 50% females), overweight and obese participants with a history of polypectomy, to test whether a high-legume, high-fiber diet will increase weight loss and suppress colonic mucosal biomarkers of cancer risk compared to a control diet. In addition, we will explore potential beneficial effects of the high-legume intervention diet on the microbiome and metabolome, gastrointestinal transit time and on systemic biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance. Given the 20-fold differences in CRC between populations consuming high-fiber diets and low-fiber Western diets, the results of this study may demonstrate substantial potential for dietary change to reduce mortality from CRC and other westernized diseases.