Center for Mesoscale Mapping

拟议资源概述-摘要 中尺度制图中心的目标是推动微观和宏观的融合， 人类转化神经科学的脑结构和功能量表评估，通过开发和应用 研究人脑中观事件的空间分布和时间编排的工具。我们 合作者将通过动态的"推拉"关系，提供独特的问题， 开发这些工具，并反过来指导我们设计和优化我们的工具箱，以供实际使用 在各种正常和疾病的情况下。虽然对"非暴力行为"的定义尚未达成正式共识， 在神经科学界的中观，我们以空间和时间尺度为指导， 局部神经元群以连贯的方式起作用--在皮层中，这包括列的空间尺度， 层状结构（约0.1 - 1 mm），而在更深的结构中包括无数的深部脑和 脑干核团来自我们自己的中心，当然还有世界各地的其他中心的初步数据，现在支持 我们即将能够绘制、测量和干扰人类大脑， 规模，并在人类大脑的广泛区域全面进行。从时间上看，最近的进展 这表明，使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）等工具可以解决的时间尺度之间的趋同， 三角洲频率相干现象，以及先进的电磁工具来测量和扰动相干 更高频率的电生理活动。考虑到这种趋同，我们提出的工具， 在CMM的TRD中进行开发将为我们的协作和服务用户社区提供 人类认知神经科学在"系统层面"的进步与 细胞级电路功能表征的巨大进步。我们的合作者将带来他们独特的 挑战，以帮助我们定义和进一步完善这些工具，提供需要不同的措施， 人类大脑在各种正常和疾病环境中的结构和功能特性。我们的服务用户 将利用我们的工具来更好地了解人类神经系统，特别是人类疾病状态， 多发性硬化症到老年痴呆症，抑郁症和癫痫症。最后，我们的中心将寻求传播这些 工具，通过开放源码软件和硬件设计，工业伙伴关系和"动手"教学 硬件课程，并培训新一代人类神经科学家使用我们的先进工具 探索人类大脑的下一个前沿。

Overview of the Proposed Resource – Abstract The goal of the Center for Mesoscale Mapping is to drive the convergence of microscopic- and macroscopic- scale evaluation of brain structure and function for human translational neuroscience, by developing and applying tools to study the spatial distribution and temporal orchestration of mesoscopic events in the human brain. Our Collaborators will, through a dynamic “push-pull” relationship, provide unique problems which drive the development of these tools, and in return guide us in the design and optimization of our toolbox for practical use in a variety of normal and disease settings. While there is still no formal consensus on the definition of mesoscopic within the neuroscience community, we take as our guide the spatial and temporal scales at which local groups of neurons act in coherent fashion – in the cortex, this includes the spatial scale of columns and laminar structures (between ~0.1-1 mm), while in deeper structures includes the myriad of deep brain and brainstem nuclei. Preliminary data from our own center, and of course others throughout the world, now support the notion that we are on the threshold of being able to map, measure and perturb the human brain at these scales, and do so comprehensively across wide swaths of the human brain. Temporally too, recent advances suggest a convergence between temporal scales addressable with tools like fMRI, which can now investigate delta frequency coherent phenomena, and advanced electromagnetic tools to measure and perturb coherent electrophysiological activity at higher frequencies still. With this convergence in mind, the tools we proposed to develop within the TRDs of the CMM will provide our Collaborative and Service User community with the important “missing links” between the advances in human cognitive neuroscience at the “system level,” and the enormous strides in cellular level circuit functional characterization. Our Collaborators will bring their own unique challenges to help us define and further refine these tools, offering problems requiring distinct measures of human brain structural and functional properties in a variety of normal and disease settings. Our Service Users will utilize our tools to better understand human neural systems, and particularly human disease states from multiple sclerosis to Alzheimer’s, to depression and epilepsy. Finally, our Center will seek to disseminate these tools, through open-source software and hardware designs, industrial partnerships and “hands-on” teaching courses for hardware, and to train a new generation of human neuroscientists in the use of our advanced tools to explore the human brain at this next frontier.