Genetic Control of Retrotransposon Mobilization in the Mouse Germline
Genetic Control of Retrotransposon Mobilization in the Mouse Germline
批准号:
10447056
负责人:
Peijing Jeremy Wang
金额:
$33.04万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2012
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2012-05-01 至 2024-06-30
关键词:
BindingBinding ProteinsBiogenesisC-terminalCellsCongenital AbnormalityDNADNA MethylationDNA Transposable ElementsDevelopmentDiseaseEndogenous RetrovirusesEthylnitrosoureaEtiologyEvolutionFertilityFrequenciesFundingFutureGene ExpressionGene SilencingGenerationsGenesGeneticGenetic DiseasesGenetic TranscriptionGenomeGenome StabilityGenomicsGerm CellsHealthHomologous GeneHuman GeneticsIn VitroInfertilityInsertional MutagenesisIntegration Host FactorsJunk DNAKnockout MiceLaboratoriesLeadMale InfertilityMale SterilityMediatingMeiosisMethodologyMissense MutationMolecularMusMutagenesisMutationN-terminalNeoplasm MetastasisNuclear ImportOrganismOutcomePaste substancePathway interactionsPlayPregnancy lossProductionProliferatingPublishingRNA HelicaseRepetitive SequenceReporterReproductionRetrotranspositionRetrotransposonReverse TranscriptionRibonucleoproteinsRoleShort Interspersed Nucleotide ElementsSpermatogenesisSystemTestingTestisTimeTranscriptTransgenesUntranslated RNAUp-Regulationarms racebaseblocking factorgene functiongenome integrityhuman diseasein vivoinnovationinsightmammalian genomemouse genomemouse modelmutantnovelparticlepiRNApreservationpreventresponse
中文摘要
项目总结:
反转录转座子,主要是品系,包括正反转录病毒,逆转录病毒和内源性逆转录病毒,占整个哺乳动物的40%左右。
基因组。这些反转录转座子具有巨大的能力,可以通过使用一个拷贝来在整个基因组中转移。
而“糊化”机制涉及到逆转录。而逆转录转座子在转录过程中起着非常重要的作用。
基因组的进化,以及它们的基因动员能力,可能会对基因组的完整性造成损害。事实上,对人类的影响超过60%。
遗传性疾病通常是由转座子插入引起的。逆转录转座子可以利用细胞遗传机制的主要宿主。
增殖。作为回应,新的宿主已经演变成多种机制,以进一步抑制旨在进一步保护的反转录转座子。
基因组的完整性,特别是在新的种系内。PpiRNA的途径是一个进化上保守的小的大物种。
基于RNA的非编码基因沉默机制适用于生殖细胞中的逆转录转座子。在前一轮资金支持期间,这一机制是有效的。
我们还证明了MOV10L1是一种细菌和细胞特异性的RNA解旋酶,它是所有生物发生的重要调节因子。
在小鼠体内发现了piRNAs。MMOV10L1可以与所有的Piwi蛋白相互作用,并与PiRNAs的前体结合,从而启动PiRNAs。
生物发生。MOV10L1基因缺失导致反转录转座子表达上调,阻碍减数分裂、生殖和雄性。
不孕不育。上调逆转录转座子和转录本的水平并不一定会导致男性不成比例的增加。
新的逆转座,这表明额外的宿主因子可能会阻止逆转座。而之前的研究表明。
他们在制定负责转录和后期工作的机制方面取得了巨大的进展。
逆转录转座子的转录沉默机制,以及阻止细菌基因组整合的限制因子。
体内的反转录转座子还没有被完全确定。在使用我们独一无二的小鼠模型之前,我们可能会计划改进。
探讨MMOV10L1基因在生物发生过程中的重要作用及其分子调控机制。
精子发生;;(2)阐明作为宿主的限制因子在抑制逆转录转座过程中的关键作用。
小鼠的生殖系;;(3)将询问反转录转座子驱动的人类基因组扩增对人类的多代影响。
基因组的稳定性、生殖、遗传和疾病。这项新项目的完成将对我们的未来产生强大的社会影响。
了解反转录转座子沉默、基因组扩增以及包括癌症在内的多种人类遗传病的病因学研究。
男性有不孕不育、怀孕、流产、生育和出生缺陷。
英文摘要
Project Summary
Retrotransposons, mainly LINEs, SINEs, and endogenous retroviruses, occupy 40% of the mammalian
genome. Retrotransposons have an enormous capacity to metastasize throughout the genome using a “copy
and paste” mechanism involving reverse transcription. While retrotransposons play an important role in
genome evolution, their mobilization can be detrimental to genome integrity. Indeed, more than 60 human
genetic diseases are caused by transposon insertion. Retrotransposons exploit the host cellular machinery to
proliferate. In response, the host has evolved multiple mechanisms to suppress retrotransposons to protect
genome integrity, particularly within the germline. The piRNA pathway is a major evolutionarily conserved small
non-coding RNA-based silencing mechanism for retrotransposons in germ cells. In the previous funding period,
we demonstrated that MOV10L1, a germ cell-specific RNA helicase, is a master regulator of biogenesis of all
piRNAs in mouse. MOV10L1 interacts with all Piwi proteins and binds to piRNA precursors to initiate piRNA
biogenesis. Deficiency of Mov10l1 leads to upregulation of retrotransposons, a block in meiosis, and male
sterility. Upregulation of retrotransposon transcripts does not necessarily lead to a proportionate increase in
new retrotransposition, suggesting that additional host factors block retrotransposition. While previous studies
have made tremendous progress delineating mechanisms responsible for transcriptional and post-
transcriptional silencing of retrotransposons, host restriction factors that prevent genomic integration of
retrotransposons in vivo have not yet been identified. Using our unique mouse models, we plan to 1)
investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the essential role of MOV10L1 in piRNA biogenesis during
spermatogenesis;; 2) elucidate the critical role of a host restriction factor in inhibition of retrotransposition in the
mouse germline;; 3) interrogate the multi-generational impact of retrotransposon-driven genome expansion on
genome stability, reproduction, and diseases. Completion of this project will have strong impacts on our
understanding of retrotransposon silencing, genome expansion, and etiology of human diseases including
male infertility, pregnancy loss, and birth defects.
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Genetic Control of Retrotransposon Mobilization in the Mouse Germline
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