Risk and protective factors associated with the development of depression and allostatic load in young adults of Mexican origin.

项目摘要/摘要 拉丁美洲血统的人预计将占美国的28%以上。人口 到2060年，近70%的拉丁裔人口由墨西哥血统的人组成。种族和民族 美国的少数族裔，包括墨西哥裔，面临着更高的歧视和 经济困难。先前的研究表明，暴露在这些形式的逆境中会导致更高的风险 对于抑郁以及增加的不平衡负荷，或身体的磨损。相比之下，一些人 对非裔美国人样本的研究表明，对发展心理健康的抵抗力 在逆境条件下的问题，可能会招致在青年时期增加动态平衡负荷的代价。它 似乎这种机制也可能发生在墨西哥血统的个人身上。这表明迫切需要 除了抑郁症状外，还要检查变态负荷，以测试一些可能出现的个体 在低抑郁症状方面的“弹性”在年轻成年时表现出更多的变态负荷。海流 该提案旨在建立青春期逆境和抑郁症状之间的联系，并 墨西哥血源的年轻人成年后的恒定负荷，确定调节这些变化的神经机制 关联，并发现可以减轻这些风险过程的保护性因素。在这项研究中，研究 该团队建议在加州家庭项目(CFP)中收集新一波纵向数据，这是一个纵向 这项研究从年轻人10岁起就对674名墨西哥裔青年及其家人进行了跟踪调查。这项研究将 充分利用在CFP中收集的前几波纵向数据，包括多信息者评估 从10岁到21岁每年收集一次，在16岁和19岁时收集功能磁共振数据。 对于这个R01，研究小组建议增加一个新的数据收集浪潮(年龄25岁)来评估特效 负荷、当前抑郁症状和潜在保护因素的自我报告。研究小组将测试 下列具体目标：1)审查经济困难与感觉到的歧视之间的联系 在青春期和青春期经历的抑郁症状和变态负荷。2)识别 特定形式的逆境预测抑郁症状和变态的神经机制 满载着青壮年。3)考察种族认同、家族主义、亲子关系质量、自尊、 积极应对、乐观和宗教信仰缓和了逆境、神经活动、抑郁之间的联系 症状和不平衡负荷。这项研究将确定青春期逆境如何预测抑郁和 墨西哥裔年轻人的恒定负荷，确定可作为靶点的神经风险机制 干预措施，并确定可以降低抑郁症风险的保护性因素，这些因素可以在 干预措施。关键的是，这项研究将确定哪些保护性因素可以降低抑郁症的风险 导致青壮年的恒定负荷增加。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT People of Latin American origin are projected to comprise over 28% of the United States (U.S.) population by 2060 and close to 70% of the Latino population is comprised of people of Mexican origin. Racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., including people of Mexican origin, face higher rates of perceived discrimination and economic hardship. Prior research suggests that exposure to these forms of adversity leads to both higher risk for depression as well as increased allostatic load, or physical wear-and-tear on the body. In contrast, some research in African American samples suggests that ‘resilience,’ or resistance to developing mental health problems under conditions of adversity, may incur a cost of increased allostatic load during young adulthood. It is plausible that this mechanism may also occur for Mexican-origin individuals. This indicates a critical need to examine allostatic load in addition to depression symptoms to test whether some individuals who may appear ‘resilient’ in terms of low depression symptoms exhibit increased allostatic load in young adulthood. The current proposal aims to establish the association between adversity in adolescence and depression symptoms and allostatic load in young adulthood for those of Mexican origin, identify neural mechanisms mediating these associations, and discover protective factors that can mitigate these processes of risk. In this study, the research team proposes to collect a new wave of longitudinal data in the California Families Project (CFP), a longitudinal study that has followed 674 Mexican-origin youth and their families since youth were 10 years old. The study will capitalize on previous waves of longitudinal data collected in the CFP, including multi-informant assessments collected annually from age 10 to 21 and functional MRI data collected when youth were 16 and 19 years old. For this R01, the research team proposes to add a new wave of data collection (age 25 years) to assess allostatic load, current depression symptoms, and self-report of potential protective factors. The research team will test the following specific aims: 1) Examine the association between economic hardship and perceived discrimination experienced during adolescence and depression symptoms and allostatic load in young adulthood. 2) Identify the neural mechanisms through which specific forms of adversity predict depression symptoms and allostatic load in young adulthood. 3) Examine how ethnic identity, familism, parent-child relationship quality, self-esteem, active coping, optimism, and religiosity moderate associations between adversity, neural activity, depression symptoms, and allostatic load. This research will determine how adolescent adversity predicts depression and allostatic load in Mexican-origin young adults, identify neural mechanisms of risk that could be targeted in interventions, and identify protective factors that can mitigate depression risk that could be targeted in interventions. Critically, this research will establish which protective factors mitigate risk for depression without leading to increased allostatic load in young adulthood.