EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION MEDIUM ON INTERPERSONAL INTERACT

当代社会生活的大部分发生在“网络空间”。“人们越来越多地通过电子邮件开展业务、交友和坠入爱河。越来越多的人认为计算机正在改变人们相互交流的方式，但计算机介导的社交互动与面对面的互动有多大的不同？人们交流的媒介对语言、非语言和非语言线索的可用性、意义和频率有着深远的影响，这些线索包括手势、姿势、凝视、面部表情、手势和触摸。这些线索与人际变量有着良好的联系，如支配地位、从属关系、信任、欺骗和情感反应。因此，我们有充分的理由相信，传播媒介会影响人际关系的感知和行为。然而，到目前为止，关于传播媒介对社会互动的影响的猜测远远多于数据。本研究的目的是进行一系列的对照研究，考察各种人际过程是如何受到传播媒介的影响的。这些研究的基本设计将需要复制跨媒体的自然互动（“结识”），经常发生在日常生活中，并已在心理学文献的研究结果建立机构。这项研究的一个优点是，我们将沿着Daft和Lengel（1986）所称的媒介“丰富性”（即可用沟通渠道的数量和类型）的连续体沿着三个点进行采样。因此，我们将比较基线（面对面）条件下的数据与两个不太丰富的条件，电话和计算机介导的。在所有三种情况下，参与者将提供自己和伴侣行为的评分;此外，对话将由独立观察员和计算机化内容编码程序编码。分析将集中在传播媒介如何影响人际互动的三个基本方面：社会行为及其感知，因果归因和人际吸引力。这项研究的发现将有助于我们理解越来越普遍的沟通模式的心理影响。同时也提供了一种新的方法来解决长期存在的关于印模形成过程的理论问题。

Much of contemporary social life occurs in "cyberspace." People increasingly conduct business, make friends, and fall in love over e-mail. There is a growing consensus that computers are changing the way people communicate with each other, but to what extent is computer- mediated social interaction really different from face-to-face interaction? The medium through which people communicate has profound effects on the availability, meaning, and frequency of a wide range of linguistic, paralinguistic, and nonverbal cues, including proxemics, posture, gaze, facial expression, gesture, and touch. These cues have well-documented links to interpersonal variables, such as dominance, affiliation, trust, deception, and affective responses. Thus, there are good reasons to expect that the medium of communication will influence interpersonal perceptions and behaviors. To date, however, there has been far more speculation than data about the effects of communication medium on social interaction. The purpose of the proposed research is to conduct a series of controlled studies examining how various interpersonal processes are affected by the medium of communication. The basic design of these studies will entail the replication across media of a naturalistic interaction ("getting acquainted") that occurs frequently in everyday life and has an established body of findings in the psychological literature. A strength of the research is that we will sample three points along the continuum of what Daft and Lengel (1986) refer to as medium "richness," that is, the number and type of communication channels available. Thus, we will contrast data from a baseline (face-to-face) condition with two less rich conditions, phone and computer-mediated. In all three conditions, participants will provide ratings of their own and their partner's behavior; in addition, the conversations will be coded by independent observers and by a computerized content coding program. Analyses will focus on how communication medium affects three basic aspects of interpersonal interaction: social behavior and its perception, causal attribution, and interpersonal attraction. The findings emerging from this research will help us to understand the psychological effects of an increasingly ubiquitous mode of communication. while also providing a new way to address longstanding theoretical questions about the impression formation process.