Attention Training's Impact on Biobehavioral Correlates of Behavioral Inhibition

注意力训练对行为抑制的生物行为相关性的影响

• 批准号: 8312487
• 负责人: Koraly E Perez-Edgar
• 金额: $ 43.7万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-04 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8312487
• 关键词: 12 year old; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Biological; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive Therapy; Computers; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Data; Detection; Development; Electroencephalogram; Empirical Research; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Geographic Locations; Gold; Health Services Accessibility; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Literature; Measures; Mental Depression; Modification; Monitor; Neurosciences; Outcome; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Performance; Placebos; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychophysiology; Reaction; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Remittance; Reporting; Research; Resources; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Role; Sampling; Social Behavior; Social Functioning; Social Interaction; Socioeconomic Status; Stimulus; Symptoms; Temperament; Time; Training; Withdrawal; Work; Writing; base; biobehavior; developmental disease; early childhood; effective therapy; endophenotype; expectation; experience; improved; information processing; neuroimaging; novel; peer; relating to nervous system; response; sex; social; stressor; successful intervention; theories; trait; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early childhood temperament, particularly behavioral inhibition (BI), is seen as an expression of a child's biologically based reaction tendencies to novelty and threat. Behaviorally inhibited children have difficulty with peer interactions and exhibit withdrawal in novel social situations. In addition, BI children are at increased risk for anxiety in adolescence and into young adulthood. While research has helped identify the most at-risk children, due to extreme temperament, environmental risk factors, or biological vulnerabilities, we do not have strong interventions that may help ameliorate risk. Indeed, front-line or gold-standard interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) have remittance rates of only 50%. The adult literature suggests that targeting attention biases to threat may help lessen anxious behaviors in at-risk children. This work builds on cognitive theories of anxiety that focus on information processing biases as well as empirical research suggesting that attention biases to threat may play a causal role in the emergence of anxiety. Indeed, recent work has found that attention bias modification (ABM) protocols that train attention away from threat decrease anxious symptoms and improve an individual's response to a laboratory stressor. Previous work has shown numerous biobehavioral parallels between BI and anxiety, and new studies emerging in the last two years also find that BI children show attention biases to threat. The current study will for the first time examine the efficacy of a multi-week ABM protocol with children at temperamental risk for anxiety. To examine the breath of the potential ABM effect the study will assess biobehavioral correlates of BI and anxiety at baseline and after intervention (outcome). These markers include event-related potential (ERP) response to attention bias, the neural correlates (via fMRI) of attention bias, right frontal encephalogram (EEG) asymmetry at rest, social behavior in an encounter with an unfamiliar same-age, same-sex peer, and finally, parental- and self-report of anxious symptomotology. Three groups of 9 to 12-year-old children will participate: BI children who will undergo an active ABM protocol (BI-ABM), BI children undergoing an attention placebo (BI-Placebo) and non- inhibited children who will also experience a placebo (non-BI-Placebo). It is our expectation that both BI groups will display a biobehavioral pattern of risk at baseline. However, post-ABM we predict that the BI-ABM group will show less risk than their BI-Placebo counterparts and may even be comparable to the non-BI- Placebo group. If successful, this proof of concept study will provide evidence for a novel intervention that is portable, efficient, easily-implemented and can be used with very young children. This would broaden our ability to ameliorate suffering and broaden access to treatment across geographic location, socioeconomic status, and age.

描述（由申请人提供）：幼儿气质，特别是行为抑制（BI），被视为儿童对新奇和威胁的生物学反应倾向的表达。行为抑制的儿童难以与同伴互动，并在新的社交情境中表现出退缩。此外，双性恋儿童在青春期和成年早期焦虑的风险增加。虽然研究帮助识别了由于极端气质、环境风险因素或生物脆弱性而面临最高风险的儿童，但我们没有强有力的干预措施来帮助降低风险。事实上，认知行为疗法 (CBT) 等一线或黄金标准干预措施的汇款率仅为 50%。成人文献表明，针对威胁的注意力偏差可能有助于减轻高危儿童的焦虑行为。这项工作建立在焦虑的认知理论的基础上，该理论关注信息处理偏差，以及表明对威胁的注意偏差可能在焦虑的出现中发挥因果作用的实证研究。事实上，最近的研究发现，训练注意力远离威胁的注意力偏差修正（ABM）协议可以减少焦虑症状并改善个人对实验室压力源的反应。之前的研究表明，BI 和焦虑之间存在许多生物行为相似之处，过去两年出现的新研究也发现，BI 儿童对威胁表现出注意偏差。目前的研究将首次检验为期数周的 ABM 方案对有焦虑气质风险的儿童的有效性。为了检查潜在 ABM 效应的呼吸，该研究将评估基线时和干预后（结果）BI 和焦虑的生物行为相关性。这些标记包括事件相关电位（ERP）对注意偏差的反应、注意偏差的神经相关性（通过功能磁共振成像）、休息时的右额叶脑电图（EEG）不对称性、遇到不熟悉的同龄、同性同伴时的社会行为，最后是父母和自我报告的焦虑症状。三组 9 至 12 岁儿童将参与：将接受主动 ABM 方案 (BI-ABM) 的 BI 儿童、接受注意力安慰剂 (BI-Placebo) 的 BI 儿童以及也将接受安慰剂 (non-BI-Placebo) 的非抑制儿童。我们期望两个 BI 组都将在基线时表现出生物行为风险模式。然而，在 ABM 后，我们预测 BI-ABM 组的风险将低于 BI-安慰剂组，甚至可能与非 BI-安慰剂组相当。如果成功，这项概念验证研究将为便携式、高效、易于实施且可用于幼儿的新型干预措施提供证据。这将增强我们减轻痛苦的能力，并扩大跨地理位置、社会经济地位和年龄获得治疗的机会。