Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Marine Fish and Shellfish: A biomonitoring tool for PFAS remediation and a metric for potential human exposure through seafood consumption

项目摘要 随着人们对全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）暴露的担忧不断增加， 需要有关PFAS在各种环境介质中的数据，以便为可执行的保护性标准提供信息 常见的接触途径，包括食用海鲜。PFASs是持久性环境污染物 包括儿童和孕妇在内的脆弱和敏感人群特别关注的污染物 妇女在美国居民的血液中通常检测到四种PFAS： 全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟己烷 磺酸（PFHxS）。动物和流行病学研究支持PFAS对甲状腺、肝脏， 胆固醇，甚至癌症风险。人类接触PFAS主要是通过摄入，特别是通过 PFAS污染了饮用水和饮食。这些污染物对区域和国家构成威胁， 地表水和饮用水供应，在49个州检测到。鱼类和贝类中的PFAS， 特别是在淡水生态系统中，被认为是一个重要的饮食接触源，但数据 关于海洋来源的海产品的暴露有限，阻碍了健康保护的发展。 标准在美国东北部，有大量PFAS污染点， 已被确定，并且海鲜消费率相对于美国其他地区、海洋地区往往很高 这些物种在市场上占有相当大的份额。在新罕布什尔州（NH），PFAS景观正在迅速 随着对饮用水供应、调查和补救的监管限制的实施而发展 在受影响地点的努力，以及正在进行的监测受影响社区的努力。作为PFAS使用的规定， 发展和补救开始在受污染的网站，海产品监测将是不可或缺的评估 政策和补救活动的有效性。迫切需要收集人类接触数据， 目的是提供关键信息，以了解PFAS的风险-健康结果关系。的 拟议的研究包括测量区域来源的PFASs， 海洋海鲜品种，以及评估本地海鲜消费习惯，以协助满足这方面的需求。的 研究将由一个高度跨学科的科学家小组（海洋生物学家，流行病学家， 毒理学家，环境化学家），涉及NH环境部 服务和达特茅斯学院。该项目将利用现有鱼类和贝类组织的独特档案 在整个缅因州（GOM）采集的样本，以及在大湾（GB）采集的新样本 位于皮斯空军基地的PFAS污染点附近。此外，拟议的研究将 利用皮斯空军基地开始积极的PFAS补救措施，评估补救措施 基于邻近GB中PFAS浓度的有效性。该研究项目旨在 提供时间关键的数据，以支持及时采取行动，保护GOM地区的公共卫生。

PROJECT SUMMARY With concerns about human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on the rise, regional data about PFASs in various environmental media are needed to inform enforceable and protective standards for common routes of exposure, including seafood consumption. PFASs are persistent environmental contaminants of particular concern for vulnerable and sensitive populations, including children and pregnant women. Four PFASs are commonly detected in blood from United States (US) residents: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). Animal and epidemiologic studies support a role for PFAS effects on the thyroid, liver, cholesterol, and even cancer risk. Human exposure to PFASs occurs primarily through ingestion, notably via PFAS contaminated drinking water and diet. These contaminants pose a regional as well as national threat to surface water and drinking water supplies with detections occurring in 49 states. PFASs in fish and shellfish, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, are recognized as an important dietary source of exposure, but data regarding exposures from marine sourced seafood are limited, hindering the development of health protective standards. In the northeastern United States (US), where an abundance of PFAS contamination sites have been identified and seafood consumption rates tend to be high relative to other regions of the US, marine species comprise a considerable share of the market. In New Hampshire (NH), the PFAS landscape is rapidly evolving with implementation of regulatory limits on drinking water supplies, investigation and remediation efforts at affected sites, and ongoing efforts to monitor exposed communities. As regulations of PFAS use evolve and remediation commences at contaminated sites, seafood monitoring will be integral to evaluating effectiveness of policies and remediation activities. There is an urgent need to collect human exposure data in order to provide critical information to understand the PFAS exposure-health outcome relationship. The proposed research encompasses both measurements of PFASs in regionally sourced, commonly consumed marine seafood species, and an assessment of local seafood consumption habits to help meet this need. The research will be conducted by a highly interdisciplinary team of scientists (marine biologists, epidemiologists, toxicologists, environmental chemists) involving a collaboration between the NH Department of Environmental Services and Dartmouth College. The project will leverage a unique archive of existing fish and shellfish tissue samples harvested throughout the Gulf of Maine (GOM), as well as new samples collected in Great Bay (GB) adjacent to a PFAS contamination site at the Pease Air Force Base. Furthermore, the proposed research will take advantage of the start of active PFAS remediation at the Pease Air Force Base to evaluate remedial effectiveness based on PFAS concentrations in the neighboring GB. The research project is proposed to provide time critical data to support timely action to protect public health in the GOM region.