Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Marine Fish and Shellfish: A biomonitoring tool for PFAS remediation and a metric for potential human exposure through seafood consumption

项目总结 随着人们对人类接触全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)的担忧不断上升，区域 需要各种环境媒体中关于全氟辛烷磺酸的数据，以告知可执行和保护性标准 对于常见的接触途径，包括海鲜消费。全氟辛烷磺酸是持久的环保产品。 易受伤害和敏感人群特别关注的污染物，包括儿童和孕妇 女人。在美国居民的血液中通常检测到四种全氟辛酸：全氟辛酸 全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟农酸(PFNA)和全氟己烷 磺酸(PFHxS)。动物和流行病学研究支持PFAS对甲状腺、肝脏、 胆固醇，甚至癌症风险。人类接触全氟辛烷磺酸主要是通过摄入，特别是通过 全氟辛烷磺酸污染了饮用水和饮食。这些污染物对区域和国家都构成威胁 地表水和饮用水供应，在49个州进行了检测。鱼和贝类中的全氟辛烷磺酸， 特别是在淡水生态系统中，被认为是接触的重要饮食来源，但数据 关于从海鲜中暴露的情况有限，阻碍了健康保护的发展 标准。在美国东北部，那里有大量的全氟辛烷磺酸污染点 与美国其他地区相比，海鲜消费率往往较高 物种在市场中占有相当大的份额。在新汉普郡(NH)，PFAS的前景正在迅速 随着饮用水供应监管限制的实施而发展，调查和补救 在受影响地点的努力，以及监测受影响社区的持续努力。作为对全氟化肥使用的规定 在受污染的地点开始进化和补救，海鲜监测将是评估不可或缺的一部分 政策和补救活动的有效性。迫切需要收集人类接触数据。 以便提供关键信息，以了解全氟辛烷磺酸暴露与健康结果的关系。这个 拟议的研究包括对区域来源的、通常消费的全氟辛烷磺酸的测量 海洋海鲜种类，以及对当地海鲜消费习惯的评估，以帮助满足这一需求。这个 研究将由高度跨学科的科学家团队(海洋生物学家、流行病学家、 毒物学家、环境化学家)涉及NH环境部之间的合作 服务业和达特茅斯学院。该项目将利用现有鱼类和贝类组织的独特档案 在整个缅因湾(GOM)采集的样品，以及在大湾区(GB)采集的新样品 毗邻皮斯空军基地的全氟辛烷磺酸污染现场。此外，拟议的研究将 利用皮斯空军基地启动主动PFAS补救的机会，评估补救 基于邻国GB中全氟辛烷磺酸浓度的有效性。该研究项目的目的是 提供时间紧迫的数据，以支持及时采取行动，保护GOM地区的公共卫生。

PROJECT SUMMARY With concerns about human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on the rise, regional data about PFASs in various environmental media are needed to inform enforceable and protective standards for common routes of exposure, including seafood consumption. PFASs are persistent environmental contaminants of particular concern for vulnerable and sensitive populations, including children and pregnant women. Four PFASs are commonly detected in blood from United States (US) residents: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). Animal and epidemiologic studies support a role for PFAS effects on the thyroid, liver, cholesterol, and even cancer risk. Human exposure to PFASs occurs primarily through ingestion, notably via PFAS contaminated drinking water and diet. These contaminants pose a regional as well as national threat to surface water and drinking water supplies with detections occurring in 49 states. PFASs in fish and shellfish, particularly in freshwater ecosystems, are recognized as an important dietary source of exposure, but data regarding exposures from marine sourced seafood are limited, hindering the development of health protective standards. In the northeastern United States (US), where an abundance of PFAS contamination sites have been identified and seafood consumption rates tend to be high relative to other regions of the US, marine species comprise a considerable share of the market. In New Hampshire (NH), the PFAS landscape is rapidly evolving with implementation of regulatory limits on drinking water supplies, investigation and remediation efforts at affected sites, and ongoing efforts to monitor exposed communities. As regulations of PFAS use evolve and remediation commences at contaminated sites, seafood monitoring will be integral to evaluating effectiveness of policies and remediation activities. There is an urgent need to collect human exposure data in order to provide critical information to understand the PFAS exposure-health outcome relationship. The proposed research encompasses both measurements of PFASs in regionally sourced, commonly consumed marine seafood species, and an assessment of local seafood consumption habits to help meet this need. The research will be conducted by a highly interdisciplinary team of scientists (marine biologists, epidemiologists, toxicologists, environmental chemists) involving a collaboration between the NH Department of Environmental Services and Dartmouth College. The project will leverage a unique archive of existing fish and shellfish tissue samples harvested throughout the Gulf of Maine (GOM), as well as new samples collected in Great Bay (GB) adjacent to a PFAS contamination site at the Pease Air Force Base. Furthermore, the proposed research will take advantage of the start of active PFAS remediation at the Pease Air Force Base to evaluate remedial effectiveness based on PFAS concentrations in the neighboring GB. The research project is proposed to provide time critical data to support timely action to protect public health in the GOM region.