Regeneration of the Immune System after Radiation Exposure

摘要 辐射诱导的免疫功能障碍（RIID）是辐射的急性和延迟效应的关键组成部分。 辐射暴露，导致多器官衰竭（MOF）综合征，根据时间进行操作划分 临床表现，如急性辐射综合征（ARS）和急性辐射照射的延迟效应 （亲爱的）。ARS的直接致死性是由骨髓和肠衰竭引起的，随后 中性粒细胞减少、贫血、血小板减少、淋巴细胞减少和肠上皮屏障丧失，导致 菌血症、败血性休克和全身炎症反应。到目前为止，FDA批准的辐射 对抗措施是造血生长因子，如G-CSF、GM-CSF和罗米司亭，其促进 骨髓中的骨髓再生电离辐射（IR）可对人体造成可逆和不可逆的损伤。 免疫系统来自日本的原子弹（A-炸弹）幸存者表现出T辅助细胞亚群的减少， 幼稚和记忆性T和B淋巴细胞数量和功能的改变，血清pro- 炎性细胞因子，表明显著的残留损伤和淋巴细胞稳态的损害， 淋巴器官 我们将研究骨髓、外周淋巴器官（脾， 胸腺和腹膜淋巴结）和肠和肺的粘膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）， 确定抗原呈递细胞的功能，以及IR是否诱导线粒体功能障碍，抑制 巨噬细胞和分子伴侣介导的自噬，并加速T细胞免疫衰老和炎症 在目标1下遵循世界银行倡议。我们还将研究线粒体免疫效应细胞的再生， 功能障碍，抑制自噬，加速免疫衰老，T细胞耗竭和炎症， 暴露于IR并用放射缓解剂TPOm或 Flt 3L或G-CSF（作为对照），目标2中WBI后1天。根据目标3，我们将开发一种免疫调节 用于恢复放射幸存者的免疫方案的功能性免疫缺陷的方案， 没有无线电衰减器我们还将研究二甲双胍和p38/MAPK抑制剂对克服T 细胞免疫衰老作为预处理方案，通过抗原特异性 IgM、IgG和Th 1和Th 2应答。 本案无关我们的建议将定义再生免疫系统的功能性放射免疫生物学 在小鼠WBI后。由于对辐射损伤的组织靶点进行了充分的研究，我们也可以将T 细胞免疫衰老和髓细胞群功能障碍有助于DEARE。这些研究将提供 为辐射免疫规程制定最佳免疫调节方案的蓝图 幸存者可以扩展到免疫功能低下和老年人群。

Abstract Radiation-Induced Immune Dysfunction (RIID) is a critical component of both acute and delayed effects of radiation exposure, which causes a multi-organ failure (MOF) syndrome, operationally divided based upon timing of clinical manifestations, as acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). The immediate lethality of ARS is caused by bone marrow and intestinal failure, with subsequent neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and loss of intestinal epithelial barrier, resulting in bacteremia, septic shock, and systemic inflammatory response. To date, FDA-approved radiation countermeasures are hematopoietic growth factors, such as, G-CSF, GM-CSF and Romiplostim that promote myeloid regeneration in the marrow. Ionizing radiation (IR) can cause reversible and irreversible damage to the immune system. Atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors from Japan exhibited reduction in T helper cell subsets, alterations in naïve and memory T and B lymphocyte numbers and function, increased levels of serum pro- inflammatory cytokines, indicating significant residual injury and impairment of lymphocyte homeostasis in the lymphoid organs. We will investigate the immune landscape of regeneration in bone marrow, peripheral lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus, and peritoneal lymph nodes) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the intestine and lungs, determine the functionality of antigen presenting cells, and whether IR induces mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibits macro- and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and accelerates T cell immunosenescence and inflammation following WBI under aim 1. We will also examine the regeneration of immune effector cells for mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of autophagy, accelerated immunosenescence, T cell exhaustion and inflammation in lymphocytes from peripheral lymphoid organs in mice exposed to IR and treated with radio-mitigators, TPOm or Flt3L or G-CSF (as control), 1-day post-WBI in aim 2. Under aim 3 we will develop an immuno-conditioning regimen to restore functional immune deficit for immunization protocols in radiation survivors, treated with or without radio-mitigators. We will also examine the effects of metformin and p38/MAPK inhibitor to overcome T cell immunosenescence as conditioning regimens with immunological outcomes measured by antigen-specific IgM, IgG and Th1 and Th2 responses. Relevance. Our proposal will define the functional radio-immunobiology of the regenerative immune system after WBI in mice. Since the tissue targets of radiation injury are well studied, we can also correlate whether T cell immunosenescence and dysfunction of myeloid population contributes to DEARE. These studies will provide a blueprint for developing optimized immuno-conditioning regimens for immunization protocols in radiation survivors that can be extended to immunocompromised and elderly population.