Can high pressure processing (HPP) and ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C) treatment preserve donor milk bioactive protein structure and function better than holder pasteurization?

人乳生物活性蛋白在常用的保持器巴氏灭菌供体乳期间降解。需要确保生物安全性的替代加工技术，同时保留生物活性蛋白质，特别是对于有风险的早产儿。已知高压加工（HPP）和紫外线-C照射（UV-C）处理可以保存一些具有生物活性的乳蛋白，但是没有系统的研究确定最小加工参数及其对整个乳蛋白结构和功能的影响。开展这项研究是一项迫切的需要。我们的长期目标是优化早产儿的喂养实践，以改善他们的健康状况。本研究的目的是确定最低HPP和UV-C处理条件，实现等同的微生物安全性保持器巴氏灭菌，同时最佳地保留生物活性蛋白质的结构和功能。我们的中心假设是，与保持器巴氏灭菌相比，最小HPP和UV-C处理条件将更好地保存供体乳生物活性蛋白的结构和功能。我们的假设是基于我们的工作和其他人的工作，表明HPP和UV-C处理保留了一些生物活性蛋白。这项工作的基本原理是，它可以导致供体奶加工的变化，从而改善生物活性蛋白质的保留和可能的婴儿健康结果。目标1.确定与保持器巴氏灭菌相比，HPP和UV-C巴氏灭菌最大限度地保存生物活性蛋白的处理条件。将确定HPP和UV-C生物安全性的最低条件，并通过ELISA和蛋白质组学分析比较未经巴氏灭菌、保持器巴氏灭菌、HPP处理和UV-C处理的供体乳之间生物活性乳蛋白的保留。我们的工作假设是，最低条件的HPP和UV-C处理的供体奶将有更高的保留生物活性蛋白比保持器巴氏消毒供体奶。目标2.确定保存的生物活性蛋白质在用HPP和UV-C巴氏灭菌处理后保持其生物活性的程度。将在未经巴氏灭菌和保持器、HPP和UV-C巴氏灭菌的供体乳的全脂乳和分级蛋白提取物中检查生物活性。我们的工作假设是，与保持器巴氏灭菌的供体乳相比，HPP和UV-C处理的供体乳蛋白将保留更高程度的生物活性，如通过体外抗菌、抗粘附、抗病毒和免疫调节测定、脂肪酶和蛋白酶测定所确定的。我们期望确定与保持器巴氏灭菌相比，最低限度加工的HPP和UV-C处理保留生物活性蛋白质的结构和功能的程度。这项研究的积极影响将指导供体奶加工商如何最佳处理用于喂养早产儿的供体奶，并为临床医生提供如何评估可用供体奶来源的信息。改变牛奶加工以更好地保存生物活性牛奶蛋白可以改善早产儿的健康结果。

Human milk bioactive proteins are degraded during commonly used Holder pasteurization of donor milk. Alternative processing techniques that ensure biosafety while preserving bioactive proteins are needed, particularly for at-risk preterm infants. High pressure processing (HPP) and ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C) treatment are known to preserve a few bioactive milk proteins, but no systematic research has identified the minimum processing parameters and their effects on the entire array of milk proteins’ structure and function. There is a critical need to perform this research. Our long-term goal is to optimize feeding practices for preterm infants to improve their health outcomes. The objectives of this research are to identify the minimum HPP and UV-C treatment conditions that achieve equivalent microbiological safety to Holder pasteurization while optimally preserving bioactive protein structure and function. Our central hypothesis is that minimal HPP and UV-C treatment conditions will better preserve donor milk bioactive proteins’ structure and function compared with Holder pasteurization. Our hypothesis is based on our work and that of others indicating that HPP and UV- C treatment preserve some bioactive proteins. The rationale for this work is that it can lead to changes in donor milk processing that can improve bioactive protein retention and possibly infant health outcomes. Aim 1. Determine treatment conditions for HPP and UV-C pasteurization that maximize bioactive protein preservation compared with Holder pasteurization. Minimal conditions for HPP and UV-C biosafety will be determined and retention of bioactive milk proteins will be compared between unpasteurized, Holder pasteurized, HPP-treated and UV-C-treated donor milk via ELISA and proteomics analyses. Our working hypothesis is that minimal-condition HPP and UV-C-treated donor milk will have higher retention of bioactive proteins than Holder pasteurized donor milk. Aim 2. Identify the extent to which preserved bioactive proteins maintain their bioactivities after treatment with HPP and UV-C pasteurization. Bioactivity will be examined in whole milk and fractionated protein extracts of unpasteurized and Holder, HPP and UV-C pasteurized donor milk. Our working hypothesis is that HPP and UV-C treated donor milk proteins will retain a higher degree of their bioactivities compared with Holder pasteurized donor milk as determined by in vitro antibacterial, anti-adhesive, antiviral and immunomodulatory assays, lipase and protease assays. We expect to have determined the extent to which minimally processed HPP and UV-C treatment preserves bioactive proteins’ structure and function compared with Holder pasteurization. The positive impact of this research will be guidance for donor milk processors on how to optimally process donor milk for feeding preterm infants and information for clinicians on how to evaluate available donor milk sources. Changes in milk processing to better preserve bioactive milk proteins could improve preterm infant health outcomes.