Can high pressure processing (HPP) and ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C) treatment preserve donor milk bioactive protein structure and function better than holder pasteurization?

在常用的Holder巴氏杀菌过程中，人乳生物活性蛋白会被降解。需要替代的加工技术，以确保生物安全，同时保存生物活性蛋白，特别是对高危早产儿。高压处理(HPP)和紫外线-C辐射(UV-C)处理可以保存少量的生物活性乳蛋白，但还没有系统的研究确定最低的处理参数及其对整个乳蛋白结构和功能的影响。迫切需要进行这项研究。我们的长期目标是优化早产儿的喂养做法，以改善他们的健康状况。本研究的目标是确定最低限度的HPP和UV-C处理条件，以实现与Holder巴氏杀菌相同的微生物安全性，同时最佳地保留生物活性蛋白质的结构和功能。我们的中心假设是，与Holder巴氏杀菌相比，最低限度的HPP和UV-C处理条件将更好地保存供体乳生物活性蛋白的结构和功能。我们的假设是基于我们和其他人的工作，表明HPP和UV-C处理保留了一些生物活性蛋白。这项工作的基本原理是，它可以导致捐赠者母乳加工的变化，从而改善生物活性蛋白的保留，并可能改善婴儿的健康结果。目的1.确定HPP和UV-C巴氏杀菌与Holder巴氏杀菌相比，最大限度地保存生物活性蛋白的处理条件。将确定HPP和UV-C生物安全的最低条件，并通过ELISA和蛋白质组学分析比较未经巴氏杀菌、Holder巴氏杀菌、HPP处理和UV-C处理的供体奶中生物活性乳蛋白的保留率。我们的工作假设是，最低条件下的HPP和UV-C处理的供体牛奶将比Holder巴氏杀菌的供体牛奶具有更高的生物活性蛋白质保留率。目的2.鉴定保存的生物活性蛋白在经HPP和UV-C巴氏杀菌处理后保持其生物活性的程度。生物活性将在全脂牛奶和未经巴氏杀菌的和Holder、HPP和UV-C巴氏杀菌的供体牛奶的分级蛋白提取物中进行检测。我们的工作假设是，HPP和UV-C处理的供体乳蛋白将保持比Holder巴氏杀菌供体乳蛋白更高的生物活性，这是通过体外抗菌、抗粘连、抗病毒和免疫调节试验、脂肪酶和蛋白酶试验来确定的。我们希望已经确定了与Holder巴氏杀菌相比，最小处理的HPP和UV-C处理在多大程度上保留了生物活性蛋白质的结构和功能。这项研究的积极影响将是指导供体牛奶加工者如何最佳地处理供体母乳以喂养早产儿，并为临床医生提供如何评估可用的供体乳源的信息。改变牛奶加工以更好地保存生物活性牛奶蛋白可能会改善早产儿的健康结果。

Human milk bioactive proteins are degraded during commonly used Holder pasteurization of donor milk. Alternative processing techniques that ensure biosafety while preserving bioactive proteins are needed, particularly for at-risk preterm infants. High pressure processing (HPP) and ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C) treatment are known to preserve a few bioactive milk proteins, but no systematic research has identified the minimum processing parameters and their effects on the entire array of milk proteins’ structure and function. There is a critical need to perform this research. Our long-term goal is to optimize feeding practices for preterm infants to improve their health outcomes. The objectives of this research are to identify the minimum HPP and UV-C treatment conditions that achieve equivalent microbiological safety to Holder pasteurization while optimally preserving bioactive protein structure and function. Our central hypothesis is that minimal HPP and UV-C treatment conditions will better preserve donor milk bioactive proteins’ structure and function compared with Holder pasteurization. Our hypothesis is based on our work and that of others indicating that HPP and UV- C treatment preserve some bioactive proteins. The rationale for this work is that it can lead to changes in donor milk processing that can improve bioactive protein retention and possibly infant health outcomes. Aim 1. Determine treatment conditions for HPP and UV-C pasteurization that maximize bioactive protein preservation compared with Holder pasteurization. Minimal conditions for HPP and UV-C biosafety will be determined and retention of bioactive milk proteins will be compared between unpasteurized, Holder pasteurized, HPP-treated and UV-C-treated donor milk via ELISA and proteomics analyses. Our working hypothesis is that minimal-condition HPP and UV-C-treated donor milk will have higher retention of bioactive proteins than Holder pasteurized donor milk. Aim 2. Identify the extent to which preserved bioactive proteins maintain their bioactivities after treatment with HPP and UV-C pasteurization. Bioactivity will be examined in whole milk and fractionated protein extracts of unpasteurized and Holder, HPP and UV-C pasteurized donor milk. Our working hypothesis is that HPP and UV-C treated donor milk proteins will retain a higher degree of their bioactivities compared with Holder pasteurized donor milk as determined by in vitro antibacterial, anti-adhesive, antiviral and immunomodulatory assays, lipase and protease assays. We expect to have determined the extent to which minimally processed HPP and UV-C treatment preserves bioactive proteins’ structure and function compared with Holder pasteurization. The positive impact of this research will be guidance for donor milk processors on how to optimally process donor milk for feeding preterm infants and information for clinicians on how to evaluate available donor milk sources. Changes in milk processing to better preserve bioactive milk proteins could improve preterm infant health outcomes.