Afferent neurocardiac signals, cue reactivity, and cognitive control

此R21申请是对PA-20-196：NIH探索/开发研究资助计划的响应， 基于我们的研究发现，一种被称为“共振起搏呼吸”的神经调节的行为形式会改变 被动观看酒精相关图片线索时的大脑激活。在这里，我们建议确定 这一概念验证发现的翻译意义：(1)测量大脑活动时的反应 酒精线索背景下的认知加工以及(2)检验共振呼吸的假设 改变特定的加工操作，以减少线索反应性并支持认知控制。多重 文献支持这些过程在一定程度上是由一个动态的神经心脏反馈环介导的，称为 压力感受器反射，呼吸以心血管系统的共振频率(~0.1赫兹)起搏 调节对外界刺激的生理反应。这一知识导致了经验性的长期支持 对焦虑、抑郁、压力和其他障碍的长期干预(例如，HRV生物反馈)。然而，这种能力 使用短暂的共鸣呼吸作为及时的干预，以改变人们对 食欲暗示是未知的。可访问(通过移动应用程序)、简短且轻松的公共卫生意义 训练有素的技巧可以减少酒精暗示的显着性，因为酒精暗示的反应性以及与之相关的冲动和渴望 是过度饮酒和复发的关键诱因。我们建议对100名酗酒的年轻人进行测试 (一半女性)在受试者内，重复测量实验，以确定是否调制 与对照组相比，通过以0.1赫兹起搏的呼吸，神经心脏反馈环的传入流 任务，影响神经线索反应性和抑制控制的变化，在存在显著的酒精线索。我们 将考察0.1赫兹共振呼吸任务和对照任务的5分钟干预对 后对侧N_2(N_2pc)和P_3b事件相关电位(ERP)成分的变化 改良视点探针法检测注意分配标记及注意刺激的动机意义 以及古怪的任务。目标2将检验使用N_2组分对抑制控制的平行影响。 在暗示的酒精中，去/不去范例。基本假设是共振呼吸会减弱 注意偏向和动机意义，并增加抑制控制，当酒精提示 在完成呼吸任务后遇到。二次分析将探索个体差异之间的关系 饮酒模式对干预效果的影响。如果成功，该应用程序将提供有关以下方面的新信息 以时变方式将共振呼吸与神经系统联系起来的潜在机制 来调节球杆的反应性。这些初步数据将为更大规模的研究提供前提 共振呼吸对不同饮酒高危人群的影响及其与饮酒的关系 行为改变。

This R21 application is in response to PA-20-196: NIH Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant Program, based on our discovery that a behavioral form of neuromodulation, termed ‘resonance paced breathing,’ alters brain activation during passive viewing of alcohol-related picture cues. Here we propose to determine the translational significance of this proof-of-concept finding by (1) measuring brain response during active cognitive processing in the context of alcohol cues and (2) testing the hypothesis that resonance breathing changes specific processing operations to reduce cue reactivity and support cognitive control. Multiple literatures support that these processes are mediated in part by a dynamic neurocardiac feedback loop termed the baroreflex, and that breathing paced at a resonance frequency of the cardiovascular system (~0.1Hz) modulates physiological responses to external stimuli. This knowledge has led to empirically supported long- term interventions for anxiety, depression, stress and other disorders (e.g., HRV biofeedback). Yet, the ability to use brief bouts of resonance breathing as a just-in-time intervention to alter attention to, and control over, appetitive cues is unknown. The public health significance of an accessible (via mobile app), brief, and easily trained technique to reduce alcohol cue salience is great, as cue reactivity and associated urges and craving are key precipitants of excessive drinking and relapse. We propose to test 100 binge drinking young adults (half female) in a within-subjects, repeated measures experiment to determine whether modulation of the afferent stream of the neurocardiac feedback loop through breathing paced at 0.1 Hz, compared to a control task, affects changes in neural cue reactivity and inhibitory control in the presence of salient alcohol cues. We will examine the effect of the 5-min intervention of 0.1 Hz resonance breathing task, and control task, on changes in the posterior contralateral N2 (N2pc) and P3b event-related potential (ERP) components as markers of attention allocation and motivational significance of attended stimuli using modified visual dot-probe and oddball tasks. Aim 2 will examine parallel effects on inhibitory control using the N2 component, elicited during a cued alcohol Go/NoGo paradigm. Primary hypotheses are that resonance breathing will diminish attention bias and motivational significance, and increase inhibitory control, when alcohol cues are encountered following the breathing task. Secondary analyses will explore the relation of individual differences in drinking patterns to intervention effects. If successful, this application will provide novel information about potential mechanisms through which resonance breathing is linked in a time-varying manner to neural systems that modulate cue reactivity. These preliminary data would provide premise for a larger scale study to examine the impact of resonance breathing in different high-risk populations of drinkers and its relation to drinking behavior change.