The Neural Organization of Taste Neophobia

味觉恐惧症的神经组织

• 批准号: 10504415
• 负责人: John D Boughter
• 金额: $ 38.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-02 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10504415
• 关键词: Acetylcholine; Acute; Adverse effects; Agreement; Animals; Anorexia; Area; Basal Nucleus of Meynert; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain region; Calcium; Cells; Child; Child Health; Childhood; Consumption; Coronary Arteriosclerosis; Data; Desire for food; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Dissection; Eating Disorders; Ensure; Exposure to; Failure; Familiarity; Feeding behaviors; Food; Goals; Head; Health; Human; Hypertension; Image; Immediate-Early Genes; Intake; Knowledge; Learning; Lesion; Life; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Mus; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Obesity; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pharmacology Study; Phase; Play; Population; Primary Lesion; Process; Prosencephalon; Reaction; Research; Rodent; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Taste Perception; Techniques; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Toxic effect; adverse outcome; attenuation; awake; basal forebrain; cell type; cholinergic; cholinergic neuron; dietary; experience; experimental study; microendoscope; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuromechanism; neuronal circuitry; novel; novelty processing; relating to nervous system; response; taste stimuli; transmission process

Project Summary Neophobia is defined as a fearful reaction to novel stimuli or situations. When an animal encounters a novel food, they approach and consume it with cautiousness. For humans, this behavior has significant health consequences. Food Neophobia is especially prevalent in children, and the rejection of certain types of foods has serious consequences for the acute health of the child. Moreover, food Neophobia in childhood has long- lasting adverse effects on dietary choices associated with eating disorders, poor health outcomes, and disease. In rodents, taste Neophobia is an important behavioral reaction that ensures a minimized threat of toxicity in unfamiliar foods, including those that are inherently appetitive. When faced with a novel food or taste, animals consume a relatively small amount during the initial encounter. If this consumption yields no adverse consequences, a memory for a “safe” taste is formed, and animals will more readily increase their intake in subsequent test sessions, a process is known as attenuation of Neophobia. While lesions studies have begun to identify the brain regions involved in taste Neophobia and its attenuation, relatively little is known about the underlying circuits or the neural correlates of these behaviors. For example, there have been no attempts at exploring how Neophobia and attenuation impact neuronal responses in awake, behaving animals in key areas of the central taste pathway, including the gustatory cortex, gustatory thalamus, and nucleus basalis. The overall goal of this project is to understand this process by investigating how information regarding the novelty and familiarity of tastes are encoded within these circuits. Our central hypothesis is that Neophobia is driven by enhanced responses in both gustatory cortex and thalamus, and its attenuation is mediated by cholinergic activity from basal forebrain inputs. We will use calcium imaging of defined cholinergic and gustatory cell types combined with chemogenetic manipulation in awake animals during Neophobia and attenuation to test these hypotheses. The findings of these experiments will be significant in that they will be the first to explore neuronal activity in central taste regions during Neophobia and attenuation. Further, our findings will fundamentally advance our knowledge of how taste Neophobia is encoded in central taste circuits and the role of cholinergic input in this behavior. These findings will be important not only in increasing our understanding of this important form of taste learning but also in furthering our understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying novelty processing within sensory regions.

项目摘要 新恐惧症被定义为对新的刺激或情况的恐惧反应。当一只动物遇到一本小说 食物，他们小心翼翼地接近和消费。对人类来说，这种行为具有重要的健康意义 后果。新食物恐惧症在儿童中尤其普遍，对某些类型的食物的排斥 对儿童的急性健康有严重后果。此外，儿童时期的新食物恐惧症由来已久- 对饮食选择的持久不利影响与饮食失调、健康状况不佳和疾病有关。 在啮齿动物中，味觉新恐惧症是一种重要的行为反应，它确保将毒性威胁降至最低 不熟悉的食物，包括那些天生就有胃口的食物。当面对新奇的食物或味道时，动物 在最初的接触中消耗相对较少的量。如果这种消耗没有产生不利的结果 结果，对“安全”味道的记忆就形成了，动物会更容易地增加它们对食物的摄入量。 在随后的测试过程中，一个过程被称为新恐惧症的缓解。虽然损伤研究已经开始 为了确定与味觉新恐惧症及其减弱有关的大脑区域，人们对味觉新恐惧症 这些行为的潜在回路或神经关联。例如，还没有人尝试过 探索新恐惧症和衰减症如何影响清醒的、关键区域表现的动物的神经元反应 中央味觉通路，包括味觉皮质、味觉丘脑和基底核。整体而言 这个项目的目标是通过调查关于新颖性和 对口味的熟悉程度在这些回路中被编码。我们的中心假设是新恐惧症是由 味觉皮质和丘脑的反应增强，其减弱是由胆碱能活动介导的 来自基底前脑的输入。我们将结合使用明确的胆碱能和味觉细胞类型的钙成像。 通过在新恐惧症和衰减症期间清醒的动物中进行化学遗传操作来验证这些假设。 这些实验的发现将具有重要意义，因为它们将是第一个探索脑内神经元活动的实验。 在新恐惧症和衰弱期间的中央味觉区域。此外，我们的发现将从根本上推进我们的 味觉新恐惧症是如何在中枢味觉回路中编码的，以及胆碱能输入在其中的作用 行为。这些发现不仅对增进我们对味觉这一重要形式的理解具有重要意义 学习，也是为了加深我们对内部新奇事物处理的基本机制的理解 感官区域。