Schistosomiasis at the edge of elimination: characterizing sources of new infections in residual transmission hotspots

血吸虫病即将被消灭：残留传播热点地区新感染源的特征

• 批准号: 10508509
• 负责人: Elizabeth Carlton
• 金额: $ 63.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-11-23 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10508509
• 关键词: Affect; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Area; Big Data; Characteristics; China; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Community Health; Complex; Data; Disease; Ecology; Effectiveness; Focal Infection; Generations; Genomic approach; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Habitats; Human; Inbreeding; Individual; Infection; Interruption; Intervention; Malaria; Measures; Methods; Movement; Output; Parasites; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Population; Population Intervention; Research; Residual state; Resolution; Sampling; Schistosoma; Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosomiasis; Scientist; Snails; Source; Testing; Time; Work; World Health Organization; Zoonoses; disorder control; drug distribution; epidemiologic data; genomic tools; global health; improved; neglected tropical diseases; novel strategies; pathogen; pressure; prevent; programs; social; transmission process; waterborne; waterborne infection

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis, a waterborne infection that affects approximately 200 million people, persists in some areas despite aggressive control measures, for reasons that are not well understood. Hotspots of schistosomiasis persistence and reemergence have been documented in parts of China and, more recently, sub-Saharan Africa. These hotspots threaten to disrupt global targets for schistosomiasis elimination, and highlight the need to understand the origins of new infections in these areas to improve control strategies. Plausible infection sources include human hosts within a community, other mammalian species, and imported infections via, for example, mobile human hosts. However, the actual contributions of such sources to the sustained transmission of complex macroparasites such as schistosomiasis in areas under control pressure is poorly resolved. Genomic tools offer the potential to discern detailed transmission pathways, even for highly inbred parasites such as schistosomes. The proposed research leverages genomic approaches and longitudinal epidemiological data to identify origins of new infections in transmission hotspots. High-resolution sequencing and analysis methods for Schistosoma japonicum will be used to infer parasite ancestry across generations, allowing identification of hosts that serve as infection sources. Over ten years of longitudinal data from southwest China, and ongoing access to schistosomiasis hotspots will be used to characterize host and village-level characteristics that predict the contribution of distinct hosts and the contributions of parasite import to transmission. Specifically, the three proposed aims will evaluate evidence that high transmission human hosts (superspreaders) serve as sources of new infections (Aim 1), identify the conditions that facilitate the contributions of non-human hosts to infection (Aim 2), and test for and identify if present key pathways of parasite import (Aim 3). The ambitious goals for the control of schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases and the persistence of the disease in transmission hotspots despite control measures highlights the need for new approaches to prevent transmission. By determining the extent to which new infections are coming from human hosts, animal hosts, or movement between villages, it will be possible to fine-tune control efforts to focus on key sources of infection in areas approaching elimination.

项目总结/文摘

项目成果

A genomic can of worms for schistosome host-specificity.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.04.005
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
• 影响因子: 9.6
• 作者: Nikolakis, Zachary L.;Carlton, Elizabeth J.;Pollock, David D.;Castoe, Todd A.
• 通讯作者: Castoe, Todd A.

Viral CpG Deficiency Provides No Evidence That Dogs Were Intermediate Hosts for SARS-CoV-2

• DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa178
• 发表时间: 2020-09-01
• 期刊: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 10.7
• 作者: Pollock, David D.;Castoe, Todd A.;Goldstein, Richard A.
• 通讯作者: Goldstein, Richard A.

Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing endgame elimination efforts.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86287-y
• 发表时间: 2021-03-25
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Shortt JA;Timm LE;Hales NR;Nikolakis ZL;Schield DR;Perry BW;Liu Y;Zhong B;Castoe TA;Carlton EJ;Pollock DD
• 通讯作者: Pollock DD

Predictors of bovine Schistosoma japonicum infection in rural Sichuan, China.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.04.002
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Grover, Elise;Paull, Sara;Kechris, Katerina;Buchwald, Andrea;James, Katherine;Liu, Yang;Carlton, Elizabeth J.
• 通讯作者: Carlton, Elizabeth J.

Open-source environmental data as an alternative to snail surveys to assess schistosomiasis risk in areas approaching elimination.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12942-023-00331-w
• 发表时间: 2023-06-02
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH GEOGRAPHICS
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Grover, Elise N.;Allshouse, William B.;Lund, Andrea J.;Liu, Yang;Paull, Sara H.;James, Katherine A.;Crooks, James L.;Carlton, Elizabeth J.
• 通讯作者: Carlton, Elizabeth J.