Biphasic Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention for Sexual Violence

项目摘要 性暴力受害是一个严重的公共卫生问题，导致严重的精神和身体伤害。 在幸存者的一生中，健康后果和3.1万亿美元的财政负担，其中 政府估计要支付1万亿美元。酒精参与了超过一半的性侵犯;然而，旁观者 培训计划还没有针对旁观者酒精中毒，可能是由于缺乏证据，如何 酒精中毒影响性暴力干预。事实上，只有两项已发表的研究评估了 旁观者酒精中毒在性暴力干预中的作用为此目的， 建议的项目是解决目前科学证据基础中的四个关键空白：（1）对醉酒的研究 旁观者仅限于高水平的中毒（目标血液酒精浓度[BAC] = .10%）， BAC曲线的上升段，其中激活和镇静作用均显著，并且降低 干预;（2）在醉酒旁观者中没有检查性别差异;（3）研究 仅评估了酒精对直接旁观者干预方法的影响， 旁观者可以采用的方法;（4）目前还不清楚酒精中毒如何与可改变的 个体级预测器（例如，亲社会的旁观者态度），目标是旁观者培训方案。 了解哪些人以及何时酒精最有可能影响障碍和干预， 针对旁观者不作为的最大风险窗口的旁观者培训计划， 使用内容，尽量减少酒精的负面影响，减少性暴力干预。因此， 一项基于实验室的研究旨在测试酒精的独立（目标1）和交互（目标2）效应， 性别，以及可改变的旁观者对旁观者障碍和性暴力干预的态度。解决 为了达到这些目的，192名社交饮酒的年轻人（21-30岁）将来到实验室。参与者将被 随机分配到两种饮料条件之一（目标BAC为0.08%的酒精或对照饮料）。他们 然后将被分配到两个BAC肢体条件之一（上升或下降肢体）。当达到0.055%时 BrAC（上升肢体状况）、两个连续的下降BAC肢体（下降肢体状况）或一个轭 等待时间（上升和下降肢体的清醒状态），参与者将把自己投射到 描述高风险性暴力情况的一时冲动的风险性暴力场景。使用 模拟情景中的清晰思维--有声思维范式、旁观者障碍和干预 在这种情况下将评估意图。调查结果将对未来的发展做出关键的，形成性的贡献。 现有方案工作可以利用的证据基础，以提高旁观者的酒精技能- 通过瞄准旁观者不采取行动的最大风险窗口，在相关背景下开展工作。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Sexual violence victimization is a serious public health problem resulting in significant mental and physical health consequences and a financial burden of $3.1 trillion over the course of survivors' lifetimes, of which the government is estimated to pay $1 trillion. Alcohol is involved in over half of sexual assaults; however, bystander training programs do not yet target bystander alcohol intoxication, likely due to the dearth of evidence on how alcohol intoxication impacts sexual violence intervention. Indeed, only two published studies have assessed the role of bystander alcohol intoxication on sexual violence intervention. Towards this end, the impetus for the proposed project is to address four critical gaps in the current scientific evidence base: (1) research on intoxicated bystanders is limited to high levels of intoxication (target blood alcohol concentration [BAC] = .10%) on the ascending limb of the BAC curve where both activating and sedating effects are prominent and decrease intervention; (2) gender differences have not been examined among intoxicated bystanders; (3) research has only assessed the effects of alcohol on direct bystander intervention methods despite a range of in-the-moment methods bystanders can employ; and (4) it is unclear how alcohol intoxication may interact with modifiable individual-level predictors (e.g., prosocial bystander attitudes) targeted in bystander training programs. Understanding among whom and when alcohol is most likely to impact barriers and intervention will allow bystander training programs to target the window of greatest risk for bystander inaction and integrate alcohol use content that minimizes the negative effects of alcohol that decrease sexual violence intervention. As such, the proposed laboratory-based study seeks to test the independent (Aim 1) and interactive (Aim 2) effects of alcohol, gender, and modifiable bystander attitudes on bystander barriers and sexual violence intervention. To address these aims, 192 social drinking young adults (ages 21-30) will present to the laboratory. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two beverage conditions (alcohol with target BAC of .08% or control beverage). They will then be assigned to one of two BAC limb conditions (ascending or descending limb). Upon reaching .055% BrAC (ascending limb condition), two consecutive descending BAC limb (descending limb condition), or a yoked wait time (sober condition for both ascending and descending limb), participants will project themselves into a heat-of-the moment risky sexual violence scenario depicting a high-risk, sexually violent situation. Using the articulated thoughts in simulated situations think-aloud paradigm, bystander barriers and intervention intentions will be assessed during the situation. Findings will make a critical, formative contribution toward the evidence base upon which existing programming efforts can draw from to enhance bystanders' skills in alcohol- related contexts by targeting the window of greatest risk for bystander inaction.