Biphasic Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention for Sexual Violence

项目摘要 性暴力受害是一个严重的公共卫生问题，导致严重的心理和身体问题。 在幸存者的一生中，健康后果和3.1万亿美元的经济负担，其中 据估计，政府将支付1万亿美元。超过一半的性侵犯涉及酒精；然而，旁观者 培训计划还没有针对旁观者酒精中毒，可能是因为缺乏证据表明 酒精中毒影响性暴力干预。事实上，只有两项已发表的研究评估了 旁观者酒精中毒在性暴力干预中的作用。为此，推动 拟议的项目是为了解决当前科学证据基础中的四个关键空白：(1)对醉酒的研究 旁观者仅限于高度醉酒(目标血液酒精浓度[BAC]=0.10%) BAC曲线的上行分支，其中激活和镇静作用均显著且降低 干预；(2)没有对醉酒的旁观者进行性别差异检查；(3)研究已经 只评估了酒精对直接旁观者干预方法的影响，尽管有一系列的即时干预 旁观者可以使用的方法；以及(4)酒精中毒如何与可修改的 个人层面的预测因素(例如，亲社会的旁观者态度)是旁观者培训计划的目标。 了解酒精对谁以及何时最有可能影响障碍和干预将允许 旁观者培训计划，针对旁观者无所作为的最大风险窗口，并整合酒精 使用将酒精的负面影响降至最低的内容，从而减少性暴力干预。因此， 拟议的基于实验室的研究试图测试酒精的独立(目标1)和交互(目标2)影响， 性别，以及对旁观者障碍和性暴力干预的可改变的旁观者态度。致信地址 这些目标，192名社交饮酒的年轻人(21-30岁)将提交给实验室。参与者将是 随机分配到两种饮料条件中的一种(目标BAC为0.08%的酒精或对照饮料)。他们 然后将被分配到两种BAC肢体状况之一(上升或下降肢体)。达到0.055%后 BRAC(升肢状态)、两个连续下降的BAC肢体(降肢状态)或轭 等待时间(上肢和下肢都处于清醒状态)，参与者将把自己投射到 风险性暴力场景描绘了一个高风险的性暴力场景。使用 模拟情景中的清晰思维--有声思维范式、旁观者障碍和干预 意向将在情况下进行评估。这些发现将对以下领域做出至关重要的、具有建设性的贡献 现有的编程工作可以借鉴的证据基础，以提高旁观者的酒精技能- 通过瞄准旁观者不作为的最大风险窗口，与相关背景相关。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Sexual violence victimization is a serious public health problem resulting in significant mental and physical health consequences and a financial burden of $3.1 trillion over the course of survivors' lifetimes, of which the government is estimated to pay $1 trillion. Alcohol is involved in over half of sexual assaults; however, bystander training programs do not yet target bystander alcohol intoxication, likely due to the dearth of evidence on how alcohol intoxication impacts sexual violence intervention. Indeed, only two published studies have assessed the role of bystander alcohol intoxication on sexual violence intervention. Towards this end, the impetus for the proposed project is to address four critical gaps in the current scientific evidence base: (1) research on intoxicated bystanders is limited to high levels of intoxication (target blood alcohol concentration [BAC] = .10%) on the ascending limb of the BAC curve where both activating and sedating effects are prominent and decrease intervention; (2) gender differences have not been examined among intoxicated bystanders; (3) research has only assessed the effects of alcohol on direct bystander intervention methods despite a range of in-the-moment methods bystanders can employ; and (4) it is unclear how alcohol intoxication may interact with modifiable individual-level predictors (e.g., prosocial bystander attitudes) targeted in bystander training programs. Understanding among whom and when alcohol is most likely to impact barriers and intervention will allow bystander training programs to target the window of greatest risk for bystander inaction and integrate alcohol use content that minimizes the negative effects of alcohol that decrease sexual violence intervention. As such, the proposed laboratory-based study seeks to test the independent (Aim 1) and interactive (Aim 2) effects of alcohol, gender, and modifiable bystander attitudes on bystander barriers and sexual violence intervention. To address these aims, 192 social drinking young adults (ages 21-30) will present to the laboratory. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two beverage conditions (alcohol with target BAC of .08% or control beverage). They will then be assigned to one of two BAC limb conditions (ascending or descending limb). Upon reaching .055% BrAC (ascending limb condition), two consecutive descending BAC limb (descending limb condition), or a yoked wait time (sober condition for both ascending and descending limb), participants will project themselves into a heat-of-the moment risky sexual violence scenario depicting a high-risk, sexually violent situation. Using the articulated thoughts in simulated situations think-aloud paradigm, bystander barriers and intervention intentions will be assessed during the situation. Findings will make a critical, formative contribution toward the evidence base upon which existing programming efforts can draw from to enhance bystanders' skills in alcohol- related contexts by targeting the window of greatest risk for bystander inaction.