Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Decision Making and Intervention Behavior for Sexual Violence

 描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的总体目标是通过进行一项基于实验室的研究来推进一项计划性研究，该研究将研究急性酒精中毒的作用和一个基于证据的情境因素（即，社会规范） 性暴力（SV）干预和干预的感知障碍。重要的是，拟议的项目将是第一个研究酒精对基于事件的旁观者干预的急性影响的项目。最终，该项目将作为PI作为独立研究科学家在学术界的职业生涯的基础。拟议项目的推动力是解决旁观者干预方案规划的科学证据基础中的关键差距。旁观者效应是一个被广泛研究的现象，在这种现象中，他人的存在会抑制帮助行为;然而，这项研究在SV中的应用仍处于起步阶段。现有的研究估计至少50%的性侵犯涉及酒精使用（综述见修道院，2002），但没有一项已发表的研究探讨酒精对SV干预的急性影响。解决酒精的作用是必要的，以建立一个证据基础，我们可以开发或修改程序，教导旁观者在饮酒环境中如何干预SV。因此，拟议的基于实验室的研究旨在调查以下具体目标：（1）测试酒精中毒和基于证据的情景预测因子（即，观众规范）的可能性和速度的旁观者干预SV，和（2）检查感知障碍的干预个人谁不干预。为了实现这些目标，235名自称是异性恋的饮酒男性将来到实验室。在第一次会议期间，将验证参与者的资格，他们将完成几份自我报告问卷。在第2阶段，受试者将被随机分配饮用含酒精（目标BrAC为0.08%）或无酒精对照饮料。参与者和其他四名表面上喝醉的同伙将观看一名喝醉的女性同伙，她报告说强烈厌恶媒体中的性内容，观看一部他们可以停止的色情电影。 随时在观看女性观看电影之前，参与者将被随机分配到社会规范观众操纵中，其中一名男性同盟者将设定群体规范，以反映关于干预行为的亲社会或模糊规范。旁观者干预可操作为参与者是否停止视频以及参与者停止视频所花费的时间（以秒为单位）。调查结果将对现有的编程工作可以借鉴的证据基础上，以提高旁观者的技能，在酒精相关的情况下，一个关键的，形成性的贡献。此外，该项目的实施将为 PI未来在开展更大规模研究方面的工作，这些研究将更密切地研究酒精相关的旁观者干预机制（例如，性别）。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of this application is to advance a programmatic line of research by conducting a laboratory-based study that will examine the role of acute alcohol intoxication and an evidence-based situational factor (i.e., social norms) on sexual violence (SV) intervention and perceived barriers to intervention. Importantly, the proposed project will be the first to examine the acute effects of alcohol on event-based bystander intervention. Ultimately, this project will serve as the foundation for the PI's career i academia as an independent research scientist. The impetus for the proposed project is to address a critical gap in the scientific evidence base for bystander intervention programming. The bystander effect is a well-studied phenomenon in which the presence of others inhibits helping behavior; however, application of this research to SV is still in its infancy. Extant research estimates at least 50% of sexual assaults involve alcohol use (for a review, see Abbey, 2002), yet there is not a single published study that examines the acute effects of alcohol on SV intervention. Addressing the role of alcohol is necessary to build an evidence base from which we can develop or modify programs to teach bystanders in drinking contexts how to intervene in SV. As such, the proposed laboratory-based study seeks to investigate the following specific aims: (1) test the interactive effects of alcohol intoxication and evidenced-based situational-predictors (i.e., audience norms) on the likelihood and speed of bystander intervention for SV, and (2) examine perceived barriers for intervention among individuals who do not intervene. To address these aims, 235 self-identified heterosexual, drinking men will present to the laboratory. During Session 1, participants' eligibility will be verified, and they will complete several self-report questionnaires. During Session 2, participants will be randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BrAC of .08%) or no-alcohol control beverage. Participants and four other ostensibly intoxicated confederates will watch an intoxicated female confederate, who reports a strong dislike of sexual content in the media, view a sexually explicit film which they can stop at any time. Prior to watching the female view the film, participants will be randomly assigned to a social-norms audience manipulation wherein one male confederate will set the group norm to reflect prosocial or ambiguous norms regarding intervention behavior. Bystander intervention is operationalized as whether the participant stops the video and the time in seconds it takes the participant to stop the video. Findings will make a critical, formative contribution toward the evidence base upon which existing programming efforts can draw from to enhance bystanders' skills in alcohol-related contexts. Further, conduction of this project will provide the foundation for the PI's future work in developing larger scale studies that will more closely examine mechanisms of alcohol-related bystander intervention (e.g., gender).