Life-course social adversity, pesticide exposure, and cognitive outcomes among an ongoing cohort of mid-life Latina women in an under served agricultural region

预计到2060年，拉丁裔将占美国65岁以上成年人的21%，高于2015年的8%。相比 非拉丁裔白人，美国拉丁裔有较高的患病率和阿尔茨海默病及相关的早期发作 痴呆症（ADRD），并面临更高的相关风险因素负担（如心脏代谢疾病）。生活- 包括社会逆境和环境暴露在内的课程环境可能会形成组内 美国拉丁美洲人中ADRD和相关风险因素的变化。了解独特的和组合的 社会和环境因素对中年认知结果的影响对于提供信息至关重要 早期ADRD预防工作;这些暴露代表了多层次的可操作目标 干预措施。尽管如此，关于社会逆境和农药暴露的影响的研究有限 ADRD风险，包括生活在服务不足的农业地区的中年拉丁美洲人， exposure.特别是，很少有研究前瞻性地评估社会逆境的影响，包括 拉丁美洲人对ADRD的文化特异性（例如，与移民有关的）逆境;大多数农药和 ADRD依赖于粗略的暴露测量（例如，回忆终身职业）。我们有独特的机会 在一个正在进行的队列中评估与ADRD风险因素相关的社会和农药暴露， 大约550名中年拉丁妇女（平均47岁）生活在一个服务不足的农业地区。的 萨利纳斯母亲和儿童健康评估中心（CHAMACOS）研究，于1998年启动， NIEHS/EPA儿童中心，是一个完善的低收入，墨西哥纵向出生队列， 生活在加州农业社区的美国母子二人组。大量的信息已经 收集了母亲的早期和中期社会逆境，中年心脏代谢健康和农药 通过生物标志物和基于地理信息系统的居民区与农药的接触情况 应用.我们的目标是增加两项中年认知评估、额外的社会逆境和杀虫剂 暴露测量和脑生物标志物数据收集（200个子集）。以生命历程为依据 的观点和压力-疾病框架，该框架认为，社会和环境暴露 可能对健康产生独特和综合的影响，我们建议实现以下具体目标：1） 量化早期和中年社会逆境对中年人认知表现的影响 拉丁裔妇女和这些协会的程度是由心脏代谢和炎症 机制，2）估计农业农药暴露与认知表现之间的关联 并评估社会逆境和农药暴露是否相互作用，以产生更差的认知结果 中年拉丁妇女，和3）为了评估生活过程中的社会逆境，杀虫剂， 暴露和中年拉丁妇女的大脑生物标志物。我们的总体目标是告知早期ADRD 拉丁裔美国人是美国增长最快的老龄化少数群体。

Latinos are expected to represent 21% of US adults over 65 years by 2060, up from 8% in 2015. Compared to non-Latino whites, US Latinos have a higher prevalence and earlier onset of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and face a higher burden of related risk factors (e.g. cardio-metabolic conditions). Life- course circumstances including social adversity and environmental exposures may shape within-group variation in ADRDs and related risk factors among US Latinos. Understanding the unique and combined impacts of social and environmental factors on mid-life cognitive outcomes is critical for informing early ADRDs prevention efforts; these exposures represent actionable targets for multi-level interventions. Nevertheless, there is limited research on the impact of social adversity and pesticide exposure on ADRDs risk, including among mid-life Latinos living in underserved agricultural areas with high pesticide exposure. In particular, few studies have prospectively evaluated the impacts of social adversity, including culturally-specific (e.g. migration-related) adversity on ADRDs among Latinos; most studies of pesticides and ADRDs rely on crude exposure measures (e.g. recall of life-time occupation). We have a unique opportunity to evaluate social and pesticide exposure in association with ADRDs risk factors among an ongoing cohort of approximately 550 mid-life Latina women (average 47 years) living in an underserved agricultural region. The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, initiated in 1998 as an NIEHS/EPA Children’s Center, is a well-established longitudinal birth cohort of low-income, Mexican American mother-child dyads living in a California agricultural community. Substantial information has been collected on mothers’ early and mid-life social adversity, mid-life cardio-metabolic health, and pesticide exposure captured via biomarkers and geographic information system-based residential proximity to pesticide applications. We aim to add two mid-life cognitive assessments, additional social adversity and pesticide exposure measures, and brain biomarker data collection (on a subset of 200). Informed by the life-course perspective and the exposure-stress-disease framework, which posits that social and environmental exposures may have unique and combined impacts on health, we propose to carry out the following Specific Aims: 1) To quantify associations between early and mid-life social adversity on cognitive performance among mid-life Latina women and the extent to which these associations are explained by cardio-metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms, 2) To estimate associations between agricultural pesticide exposure and cognitive performance and evaluate whether social adversity and pesticide exposure interact to produce poorer cognitive outcomes among mid-life Latina women, and 3) To evaluate relationships between life-course social adversity, pesticide exposure, and brain biomarkers among mid-life Latina women. Our overall goal is to inform early ADRDs prevention efforts among US Latinos -- the most rapidly growing aging minority group in the US.