Pre-Normative Research on Hydrogen Releases Assessment (NHyRa,

价值链中释放了多少氢气 (H2)？回答这个问题非常具有挑战性，因为文献中找不到足够的数据（即使有的话）也找不到标准化数据。然而，必须弥补这一知识差距，才能就氢气价值链对气候变化的影响进行任何可靠且经过科学验证的研究。文献中有大量研究调查和计算发生故障、事故和紧急情况时氢气泄漏的风险。但对于氢气价值链中人为产生的氢气（大气中）的数量存在重大知识差距。研究界需要通过提高量化小型和大型排放的能力来解决这个问题，提供经过验证的方法和技术来测量或计算它们。需要尽快建立一个普遍接受且开放获取的清单。同样，利益相关者还要求有一个易于使用的开放式访问和易于理解的工具，以更好地量化整个氢气价值链的泄漏，同时高档氢气能源应用的势头正在迅速聚集。 NHyRA 项目是专门为满足这些紧迫需求而设计的。该项目将提供“H2释放”清单，作为科学界和工业界的参考。新的或经过适当调整的实验、理论和模拟方法将得到验证，以进行实验室或现场测量，以实现宏伟的目标。联盟合作伙伴还将对 H2 价值链最关键的要素进行实验测试。将制定中期（2030 年）和长期（2050 年）H2 版本场景的完整图景，以使决策者能够确定有效的缓解行动并确定优先顺序。最后，该项目将制定标准和技术规范的建议。

How much hydrogen (H2) is released from the value chain? To answer the question is very challenging since insufficient and, when available, no standardized data can be found in the literature. However, it is essential to cover this knowledge gap to perform any credible and scientifically validated research regarding the H2 value chain impact on the climate change. The literature is full of studies investigating and calculating the risk of H2 leakages in case of failures, accidents, and emergencies. But significant knowledge gaps exist about the amount of anthropogenic H2 (in the atmosphere) from the H2 value chain. The research community needs to address this by improving the capability to quantify small and large releases, delivering validated methodologies and techniques for measuring or calculating them. A universally accepted and open-access inventory is needed as soon as possible. Likewise, an open access and comprehensible tool that is easy to be used is also asked by the stakeholders to better quantify the leaks from the whole in H2 value chain while the momentum is fast gathering to upscale H2 energy applications. The NHyRA project is specifically designed to address these urgent needs. The project will deliver a "H2 releases" inventory to serve as a reference for the scientific and industrial community. New or adequately adapted experimental, theoretical, and simulation methodologies will be validated to perform laboratory or in-field measurements to achieve the ambitious goal. Experimental tests will also be performed on the most critical elements of the H2 value chains by the partners of the Consortium. A complete picture of the H2 releases' scenarios in the middle (2030) and long (2050) term will be developed to enable decision-makers to identify and prioritize effective mitigation actions. And finally, the project will formulate recommendations for Standards and Technical Specifications.