The cognitive mechanisms of complex planning

项目摘要/摘要 本项目的目标是为理解复合体的神经基础奠定基础。 计划。计划，定义为涉及心理模拟的顺序决策 潜在的未来，对我们日常生活中行为的组织至关重要--来自 导航到做运动或写一篇长文。现实世界的规划通常是“复杂的”，在 有一种感觉，即有大量可能的未来，决策者必须 想一想前面的几步。相比之下，人类规划的研究通常使用简单的任务，如 可能状态的数量很少，几乎没有必要提前考虑。充当 适合研究复杂计划的行为范式，任务应该满足多个标准：IT 应该要求超前思考，它应该对主题具有新颖性，它应该有简单的规则，并且它 应允许进行计算建模，以理清组件流程。我们 以前开发了满足这些要求的行为范例，以及 基于启发式价值函数的任务选择计算过程模型 部分树搜索。该模型可用于估算规划深度(EDOP)。的目标 目前的建议有两个方面：通过以下方式准备模型以用于未来的神经研究 建立EDOP的结构效度(目标1)，并超越选择数据来探索 在准备选择时使用眼球运动进行复杂规划的动力学 (目标2)。虽然这项工作没有直接的临床相关性，但它在未来可能有助于 改善规划缺陷的行为和神经特征，以及 干预措施的有效性。计划在许多神经科和精神科被打乱 精神错乱。例如，患有以下疾病的人在计划任务上的表现会受到影响 强迫症、自闭症谱系障碍和前额叶病变。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this project is to lay the groundwork for understanding the neural basis of complex planning. Planning, defined as sequential decision-making that involves mental simulation of potential futures, is crucial for the organization of our behavior in everyday life — from navigation to playing sports or writing a long text. Real-world planning is often “complex”, in the sense that there is a explosively large number of possible futures and the decision-maker has to think multiple steps ahead. By contrast, studies of human planning typically use simple tasks, in which the number of possible states is low and thinking ahead is barely necessary. To serve as a suitable behavioral paradigm to study complex planning, a task should meet multiple criteria: it should require thinking ahead, it should be novel to subjects, it should have simple rules, and it should allow for computational modeling in order to disentangle component processes. We previously developed a behavioral paradigm that satisfies these requirements, as well as a computational process model of choices in this task based on a heuristic value function and partial tree search. This model can be used to estimate depth of planning (EDOP). The goals of the present proposal are two-fold: to prepare the model for use in future neural studies by establishing the construct validity of EDOP (Aim 1), and to go beyond choice data to probe the dynamics of complex planning using eye movements made while a choice is being prepared (Aim 2). Although this work does not have direct clinical relevance, it could in the future serve to improve the behavioral and neural characterization of deficits in planning, as well as the effectiveness of interventions. Planning is disrupted in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. For example, performance on planning tasks is impaired in individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and prefrontal lesions.