Investigating Links Between Racial and Ethnic Discrimination, Neurobiology, and Internalizing Symptomatology

标题：调查种族和民族歧视，神经生物学和内化之间的联系 症状学 项目总结/摘要： 种族和民族歧视严重影响心理健康，这些类型的负面经历 与更严重的抑郁和焦虑有关。虽然这些关系现在已经大规模地建立起来， 流行病学研究，种族和民族歧视如何“深入皮肤”，以创造心理健康 我们对这些挑战知之甚少。暗示性数据强调，种族和族裔歧视可能是 最好概念化为慢性心理社会压力源的形式，特别是当这些经历与 多系统生物失调这些生理变化可能会影响大脑， 大脑发育，了解种族和民族歧视是否影响大脑发育至关重要。 儿童和青少年时期的发展，这是一个大脑迅速变化的发展过渡期。 以及心理健康问题的增加。如果种族和民族歧视损害了大脑 在这段时间的发展中，这种负面的经历可能会在整个世界产生反响。 寿命在短期内，这项研究将提供有关种族相关的社会经验如何影响 大脑并导致抑郁和焦虑，并揭示了潜在的机制（即，情感和奖励 处理），发挥作用，在内化的问题之间的青年颜色。从长远来看，这些知识 可能是至关重要的，以防止不良的心理健康在青春期和成年期的青年之间的颜色。 为了实现这些目标，这项研究将利用青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD） 研究（总N= 11，875;有色人种青年N=~4490）并使用尖端神经成像和机器学习 方法来检查大脑功能连接是否受到歧视程度的影响。根据过去的工作 在逆境暴露的队列中，我们对杏仁核、腹侧纹状体和大脑皮层的部分区域有先验的兴趣。 前额皮质我们相信，这些神经回路的变化对情绪和奖励至关重要， 处理，以及执行控制，将与抑郁和焦虑的风险增加有关;然而， 我们将在整个大脑中寻找辨别力和功能连接之间的联系。我们将 还调查了年轻人的性别和社会经济地位是否会调节 歧视、神经功能和内化问题。精确定位年轻人与 颜色的背景和大脑发育，当年轻人聚集在一起时通常被忽视的途径， 可能对确定预防抑郁和焦虑的干预目标至关重要。了解这些 机制也可以让我们深入了解大脑发育，这可能适用于预防其他疾病。 问题行为

Title: Investigating Links Between Racial and Ethnic Discrimination, Neurobiology, and Internalizing Symptomatology Project Summery/Abstract: Racial and ethnic discrimination significantly impact mental health, with these types of negative experiences linked to greater depression and anxiety. While these relations have now been well established in large-scale epidemiological studies, how racial and ethnic discrimination get “under the skin” to create mental health challenges is poorly understood. Suggestive data underscores that racial and ethnic discrimination may be best conceptualized as forms of chronic psychosocial stressors, especially as these experiences are linked with multi-system biological dysregulation. With these physiological changes likely impacting the brain and brain development, it will be critical to understand if racial and ethnic discrimination influence brain development during childhood and adolescence, a developmental transition when the brain is rapidly changing and when mental health problems are increasing. If racial and ethnic discrimination are compromising brain development during this time, such negative experiences may have reverberating repercussions across the lifespan. In the short term, this research will provide insight into how race-related social experiences impact the brain and lead to depression and anxiety, and shed light on underlying mechanisms (i.e., emotion- and reward- processing) that play a role in internalizing problems among youth of Color. In the long term, this knowledge may be critical to the prevention of poor mental health in adolescence and in adulthood among youth of Color. To achieve these goals, this research will leverage, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (Total N=11,875; youth of Color N=~4490) and use cutting-edge neuroimaging and machine learning methods to examine if brain functional connectivity is impacted by levels of discrimination. Based on past work in adversity exposed cohorts, we have an a priori interest in the amygdala, ventral striatum, and portions of the prefrontal cortex. We believe that variations in these neural circuits critical for emotion- and reward- processing, as well as executive control, will relate to an increased risk for depression and anxiety; however, we will look for associations between discrimination and functional connectivity across the whole brain. We will also investigate if youth's sex and socioeconomic status moderate the strength of relations between discrimination, neural functioning, and internalizing issues. Pinpointing critical pathways between youth of Color's context and brain development, pathways that are typically overlooked when youth are aggregated, may be crucial for identifying targets for interventions to prevent depression and anxiety. Understanding these mechanisms may also give insight into brain development that may be applied to the prevention of other problem behaviors.