Information needs of vaccine-hesitant parents for user-centered design of a consumer vaccine management application

项目摘要/摘要 在美国，疫苗可预防疾病的发病率正在上升，这一点从大量的 2019年麻疹暴发。疾病控制和预防中心报告称，大多数人 病例发生在未接种疫苗的个人中。未接种疫苗和未接种疫苗人数的增加可能是 部分原因是父母对疫苗的犹豫不决。世界卫生组织将疫苗迟疑确定为一种 对全球健康的威胁。美国消费者对技术的高接受度使技术成为一种 这是向幼儿父母传递疫苗信息的绝佳工具。这项研究将描述 作为消费者疫苗设计第一步的疫苗犹豫不决的父母的疫苗信息需求 管理(CVM)移动应用程序影响7岁及以下儿童的免疫接种率。这个 建议的研究与国家护理研究所的使命是一致的 促进健康，预防疾病。这个以用户为中心的设计项目的具体目标是(目标1) 表征对疫苗犹豫不决的父母的信息需求，以设计影响云服务器的移动应用程序 7岁及以下儿童的免疫接种率和(目标2)设计和评估低保真原型 移动应用程序界面的易用性和建议功能的有用性。家长 寻求疫苗豁免和那些希望推迟或拒绝某些学校强制接种疫苗的人 注册将从哥伦比亚/布恩县公共卫生和公共服务部门招募。我们将使用 Facebook和定向广告招募了多样化的样本，并努力招收接触到的群体。半- 对对疫苗犹豫不决的父母进行的结构化访谈将确定作为CVM用户一部分的信息需求- 以设计工作为中心。确定的信息需求将指导云服务器移动应用程序的线框设计 接口。目标2将包括通过向参与者展示云服务器移动应用线框来进行用户评估 第二轮采访。在用户评估会议期间，参与者将被问及以下问题 了解云服务器移动应用的推荐功能的易用性和有用性。 评估会议的结果将用于在未来的研究中开发高保真原型。这 全面的培训计划，包括课程、职业发展机会和正式的 资深研究人员的指导计划将为申请者提供经验和培训，以启动她 职业和研究计划。具体地说，申请者将在以用户为中心的设计方面培养专业知识， 生物行为干预研究的定性、定量和mHealth方法和知识。培训 环境由实习生指导的身临其境的现场和校园研究体验组成 赞助商。从培训计划中获得的技能和知识将为 申请人未来的研究目标是为对疫苗犹豫不决的父母和 为不同人群量身定做这款应用，并为新冠肺炎等紧急疾病定制新疫苗。

Project Summary/Abstract In the United States, the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases is on the rise as evidenced by a large outbreak of measles in 2019. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that the majority of cases occurred in unvaccinated individuals. The rise in unvaccinated and under-vaccinated individuals can be partly attributed to parental vaccine hesitancy. The World Health Organization identified vaccine hesitancy as a threat to global health. High levels of consumer technology acceptance in the U.S. make technology an excellent vehicle to deliver vaccine information to parents of young children. This research will characterize the vaccine information needs of vaccine-hesitant parents as the first step in the design of a consumer vaccine management (CVM) mobile app to influence immunization rates of children 7 years and younger. The proposed research is consistent with the National Institute of Nursing Research’s mission of promoting health and preventing illness. The specific aims of this user-centered design project are (Aim 1) to characterize the information needs of vaccine-hesitant parents for design of a CVM mobile app to influence immunization rates of children 7 years and younger and (Aim 2) to design and evaluate low-fidelity prototypes of a mobile app interface for perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of proposed features. Parents seeking vaccine exemptions and those who wish to delay or refuse certain vaccines mandatory for school enrollment will be recruited from the Columbia/Boone County Public Health and Human Services. We will use Facebook and targeted advertising to recruit a diverse sample and to enroll hard to reach groups. Semi- structured interviews with vaccine-hesitant parents will identify information needs as part of the CVM user- centered design effort. Information needs identified will guide the design for wireframes of CVM mobile app interfaces. Aim 2 will consist of user evaluations by presenting CVM mobile app wireframes to participants in a second round of interviews. During user evaluation sessions, participants will be asked questions to understand perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of proposed features of the CVM mobile app. Results from the evaluation sessions will be used to develop a high-fidelity prototype in future research. This comprehensive training plan consisting of coursework, professional development opportunities, and a formal mentoring plan with senior researchers will provide the applicant with experience and training to launch her career and program of research. Specifically, the applicant will develop expertise in in user-centered design, qualitative, and mHealth methodologies and knowledge of biobehavioral interventional research. The training environment consists of immersive field and on-campus research experiences guided by the trainee’s sponsors. The skills and knowledge gained from the training plan will provide a sound foundation for the applicant’s future research goals of development of a CVM mobile app for vaccine-hesitant parents and tailoring of the app for different populations and new vaccines for emergent diseases like COVID-19.