The functional role of frontal and parietal feedback to visual cortex in selective visual attention

额叶和顶叶对视觉皮层的反馈在选择性视觉注意中的功能作用

• 批准号: 10553818
• 负责人: Ian C. Fiebelkorn
• 金额: $ 54.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-01 至 2028-02-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10553818
• 关键词: Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Code; Collection; Complex; Environment; Feedback; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Injections; Ion Channel; Ion Pumps; Light; Location; Macaca; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; New York City; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Persons; Process; Research; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Stroke; Testing; Virus; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual attention; Visuospatial; attentional control; autism spectrum disorder; cognitive ability; effective therapy; electrical microstimulation; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; frontal lobe; insight; lateral intraparietal area; neural; neural circuit; optogenetics; pharmacologic; selective attention; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY: Imagine Times Square in New York City: tall buildings, flashing lights, a swarm of people. This visual scene represents a potential overload of sensory information. To guide behavior, the brain uses a collection of filtering mechanisms that either boosts the processing of behaviorally relevant information or suppresses the processing of distracting information. Impairments in this selective processing of sensory information can have critical consequences for human health. Such consequences are apparent, for example, in visuo-hemineglect associated with stroke, and in some neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present proposal specifically focuses on the selective processing of locations in visual space, referred to as spatial attention. A large-scale network of brain regions directs spatial attention, but the specific contributions of each network node to attention-related enhancement and suppression remain largely unknown. Here, we will test whether distinct circuits within the attention network are driving these complementary processes in a well-characterized region of visual cortex, i.e., visual area 4 (i.e., V4). We will specifically investigate functional contributions from two cortical nodes of the attention network in macaques: the frontal eye fields (FEF) in frontal cortex and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in parietal cortex. FEF and LIP both contribute to top-down attentional control, based on behavioral goals. To determine whether there are distinct or redundant neural circuits underlying the effects of attention-related enhancement and suppression on visual processing, we will record layer-specific neural activity from V4, while simultaneously using optogenetics (i.e., the use of genetically coded, light-driven ion channels or pumps) to inactivate known corticocortical pathways, either from FEF to V4 or from LIP to V4. The use of optogenetics, in comparison to other causal manipulations (e.g., electrical microstimulation or pharmacological inactivations), will allow us (i) to isolate contributions from specific between-region, corticocortical pathways and (ii) to compare the effects of inactivating these pathways, from either FEF or LIP, on different trials within the same experimental session. The present proposal has three specific aims: (i) to establish the retrograde-only expression of virus in FEF and LIP after optogenetic injections in V4, (ii) to test whether corticocortical pathways from FEF and LIP make distinct contributions to attention-related neural effects in V4, and (iii) to test whether the complementary processes of attention-related enhancement and suppression interact in V4. We will test the Central Hypothesis that FEF primarily contributes to the goal- directed enhancement of behaviorally relevant information in V4 through connectivity in supragranular layers, while (ii) LIP primarily contributes to the goal-directed suppression of distracting information in V4 through connectivity in infragranular layers. The present proposal will advance our overarching objective of understanding how the attention network shapes visual processing of our complex and dynamic environment.

项目概要：想象一下纽约市的时代广场：高楼大厦，闪烁的灯光，成群的 人这个视觉场景代表了感官信息的潜在过载。为了指导行为，大脑 使用一系列过滤机制，这些机制要么促进对行为相关信息的处理， 或者抑制对分散注意力的信息的处理。这种选择性的感觉处理过程中的损伤 信息可能对人类健康产生重大影响。这些后果是显而易见的，例如， 在与中风相关的视觉-偏侧运动障碍中，以及在一些神经发育障碍中，如注意力， 缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。本提案具体 专注于视觉空间中位置的选择性处理，称为空间注意。大规模 大脑区域的网络引导空间注意力，但每个网络节点的具体贡献， 与注意力相关的增强和抑制在很大程度上仍然是未知的。在这里，我们将测试是否不同 注意力网络中的回路在一个特征明确的区域中驱动着这些互补的过程 视觉皮层，即，可视区域4（即，V4）。我们将专门研究两个方面的功能贡献 猕猴注意网络的皮层节点：额叶皮层和外侧皮层的额叶眼场（FEF） 顶叶内区（LIP）。FEF和LIP都有助于自上而下的注意力控制，基于 行为目标为了确定是否有不同的或冗余的神经回路的影响下， 注意力相关的增强和抑制对视觉处理，我们将记录层特定的神经 活性，同时使用光遗传学（即，使用基因编码的光驱动离子 通道或泵）到已知的皮质通路，从FEF到V4或从LIP到V4。的 光遗传学的使用，与其他因果操纵（例如，电微刺激或 药理学失活），将允许我们（i）分离来自特定区域间的贡献， 皮质皮质通路和（ii）比较FEF或LIP灭活这些通路的效果， 在同一个实验阶段的不同试验中。本建议有三个具体目标： 建立在V4中光遗传学注射后FEF和LIP中病毒的仅逆行表达，（ii）测试 来自FEF和LIP的皮质皮质通路是否对注意相关神经元功能有不同的贡献， V4中的效应，以及（iii）测试注意力相关增强的互补过程是否与 抑制在V4中相互作用。我们将检验中心假设，即FEF主要有助于实现目标- 通过颗粒上层的连通性定向增强V4中的行为相关信息， 而（ii）LIP主要通过以下方式对V4中目标导向的分心信息的抑制做出贡献： 颗粒下层的连通性。本提案将推进我们的总体目标， 理解注意力网络如何塑造我们复杂和动态环境的视觉处理。