Neural Correlates of spatial and object-based selection

空间和基于对象的选择的神经关联

• 批准号: 8522866
• 负责人: Ian C. Fiebelkorn
• 金额: $ 5.22万
• 依托单位: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8522866
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Automobile Driving; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cell Nucleus; Clinical; Color; Cues; Disease; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Environment; Frequencies; Friends; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Lead; Location; Mediating; Monkeys; Neurons; New York City; One-Step dentin bonding system; Pattern; Population; Process; Property; Pulvinar structure; Relative (related person); Research; Research Proposals; Resources; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Shapes; Side; Site; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Thalamic Nuclei; Thalamic structure; Training; V4 neuron; Variant; Visual; Visual Fields; area V4; attentional modulation; base; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; frontal eye fields; improved; lateral intraparietal area; neuromechanism; object shape; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; selective attention; spatial neglect; stimulus processing; visual neuroscience

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The brain cannot fully scrutinize the wealth of information that is present at each moment, and so a selection process continually samples the environment. By determining which aspects of the environment receive preferred processing, this selection process undoubtedly has a huge influence on nearly all brain functions. An understanding of the neural mechanisms that collectively determine selection, broadly referred to as selective attention, has therefore been one of the great challenges of visual neuroscience. Selective attention is often guided by a combination of behavioral goals and stimulus salience. For example, the brain's limited processing resources can be deployed at a specific location either in anticipation of something important, or in response to a particularly strong or sudden stimulus. But selective attention is a dynamic and ongoing process, and introducing a bias toward a particular location is just one step in this process. Following deployment of the attentional spotlight, there is a subsequent cascade of attentional modulation that continues based on local object properties. Studies in humans have shown that enhanced processing at a cued location spreads within an object's visual boundaries, even when part of the object extends outside the task-relevant location. This stimulus-driven mechanism of selective attention, which can be construed as a refinement of spatial selection, has been referred to as "object-based spatial selection". Whereas the neural correlates of the first step in this continual selection process, spatial selection, have been well-characterized, the neural correlates of object- based spatial selection are unknown. The first objective of the present proposal is therefore to bridge this gap by characterizing attentional modulation in monkey extrastriate neurons attributable to stimulus-driven, object- based spatial selection, and then comparing it to attentional modulation attributable to goal-oriented spatial selection (within the same experimental task). A second objective of the present proposal is to determine the extent to which attentional modulation in extrastriate neurons is driven by other brain regions known to be part of the network of structures that mediate attentional selection, and to determine whether such interareal interactions vary depending on the mechanism of attentional selection. The central hypothesis is that spatial selection and object-based spatial selection are mediated through separable neural processes that interact to parse and filter the visual environment. We will probe these objectives and our central hypothesis by recording simultaneously from area V4, the pulvinar, and the frontal eye field (FEF) in monkeys trained on performing an attention task that simultaneously taps into goal-oriented spatial selection and stimulus-driven, object-based spatial selection. The multi-site recording technique will utilize fMRI- and DTI-guided electrode placement to define matching network nodes. Attentional disorders have severe consequences for human health (e.g., spatial neglect after stroke, ADHD). A necessary first step toward improving treatment of these disorders, and the goal of this proposal, is to gain a better understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention.

描述(由申请者提供)：大脑不能完全仔细检查每一时刻存在的丰富信息，因此选择过程不断地对环境进行采样。通过确定环境的哪些方面得到优先处理，这个选择过程无疑对几乎所有的大脑功能都产生了巨大的影响。因此，对共同决定选择的神经机制的理解，广泛地称为选择性注意，一直是视觉神经科学的重大挑战之一。选择性注意通常由行为目标和刺激突显相结合来引导。例如，大脑有限的处理资源可以部署在特定的位置，要么是为了预测重要的事情，要么是为了对特别强烈或突然的刺激做出反应。但选择性注意是一个动态和持续的过程，对特定地点的偏向只是这个过程的一个步骤。在部署注意力聚光灯之后，根据局部对象的属性，会有一系列后续的注意力调制。对人类的研究表明，即使当物体的一部分延伸到与任务相关的位置之外时，线索位置上的增强处理也会在物体的视觉边界内传播。这种刺激驱动的选择性注意机制可以被解释为空间选择的精炼，被称为基于对象的空间选择。而在这个连续的过程中，第一步的神经关联 选择过程，即空间选择，已经被很好地描述，基于对象的空间选择的神经关联是未知的。因此，本提案的第一个目标是通过表征可归因于刺激驱动的、基于对象的空间选择的猴纹外神经元的注意调制，然后将其与(在同一实验任务中)归因于目标导向的空间选择的注意调制进行比较，以弥合这一差距。本提案的第二个目标是确定纹外神经元中的注意调制在多大程度上受到其他已知的参与注意选择的结构网络的大脑区域的驱动，并确定这种区域间的相互作用是否根据注意选择的机制而变化。中心假设是，空间选择和基于对象的空间选择是通过相互作用来分析和过滤视觉环境的可分离的神经过程来调节的。我们将通过同时记录猴子的V4区、枕骨和额叶眼场(FEF)来探索这些目标和我们的中心假设，这些猴子接受训练，执行一项同时利用目标导向的空间选择和刺激驱动的、基于对象的空间选择的注意任务。多点记录技术将利用fMRI和DTI引导的电极放置来确定匹配的网络节点。注意障碍对人类健康有严重的后果(例如，中风后的空间忽视，ADHD)。改善这些障碍的治疗的必要的第一步，也是这项提议的目标，是更好地理解选择性注意的神经机制。