VIOLENCE IN CRACK USER/SELLER HOUSEHOLDS

黑色代表的侵略和暴力不成比例 社区.文献回顾和初步研究结果表明， 在家庭和家庭中的经历对于 理解暴力。一个具有科学重要性的关键领域 被系统地研究：暴力发生的社会过程 在裂纹和毒品涉及黑人家庭或亲属网络，以及如何 家庭组织支持将暴力传播到 代这项研究将集中在家庭的裂缝滥用者 卖家：1。描述和记录如何破解经销商，卖家，或 虐待者回忆起他们家庭中的侵略和暴力的作用， 方向，以及这些经验如何可能有助于或延缓暴力 和攻击性行为2.记录 家庭/亲属网络的裂缝销售者/滥用者在传播 攻击性和暴力行为，以及参与毒品交易， 对孩子3.分析黑人的攻击性和暴力 家庭和亲属网络被感知/概念化，以及这些网络是如何被感知/概念化的。 这些观念符合更大的社会文化、历史和经济 上下文 这项研究的主要假设是， 由成年人在家庭中的快克滥用者/销售者是有组织的 根据价值观，行为规范，行为模式， 暴力的亚文化-这在很大程度上受到 毒品生意此外，在这些家庭中抚养的儿童 可能在情感上被严重忽视，没有传统的角色 模型，经验丰富的侵略和暴力建模， 成年人了并且很有可能被积极治疗， 实际上在他们的家庭中被虐待。 在第1 - 3年的资助期间，将进行密集的人种学研究。 将从10户家庭中收集深入观察和访谈 有着复杂的家庭结构和亲属网络。户 选自2种主要的家族类型："准核心"和"单一 父/扩展。"在每种家庭类型下， 主题将被选择："经销商"，"卖方"，"非销售滥用者"， "非吸毒者"一个关键的亲属和其他家庭成员也将 选定. 这10个家庭将通过直接 人种学观察（产生广泛的实地记录），深入 定性访谈和暴力事件访谈， 年广泛的分析将解决几个重要的假设， 建议改进干预侵略循环的政策， 吸毒家庭中的暴力。

Aggression and violence are disproportionately represented in black communities. The literature review and preliminary findings suggest that experiences in the family and household are critically important for understanding violence. A critical area of scientific importance has not been systematically studied: The social processes by which violence occurs within crack- and drug-involved black families or kin networks and how household organization supports the transmission of violence across generations. This research will focus upon the households of crack abusers and sellers: 1. To describe and document how crack dealers, sellers, or abusers recall the role of aggression and violence in their families of orientation, and how such experiences may contribute to or retard violent and aggressive behavior in their lives. 2. To document the role of the family/kin network of crack sellers/abusers in the transmission of aggressive and violent behavior, and involvements in drug participation, to children. 3. To analyze how aggression and violence found in black family and kin networks is perceived/conceptualized and how these perceptions fit within the larger socio-cultural historical and economic context. The major hypothesis of the proposed study is that aggression and violence by adults in the households of crack abusers/sellers is organized according to the values, conduct norms, patterned behaviors, of the subculture of violence--which has been substantially influenced by the crack business. Moreover, children being raised in such households are likely to be seriously neglected emotionally, have no conventional role models, experience extensive modeling of aggression and violence by adults. and have a high likelihood of being treated aggressively and actually abused in their households. During grant years 1-3, intensive ethnographic research will be conducted. In-depth observations and interviews will be gathered from 10 households with complex family structures and kin networks. Households will be selected from 2 major family types: "Quasi-Nuclear" and "Single Parent/Extended." Under each family type four specific categories of focal subjects will be selected: "Dealer," "Seller," "Nonselling Abuser," and "Nondrug User." A key kinsperson and other family member will also be selected. These 10 households will be intensively studied via direct ethnographic observations (generating extensive field notes), in-depth qualitative interviews, and violent event interviews during each of three years. Extensive analyses will address several important hypotheses, and suggest improved policies for intervening in the cycle of aggression and violence within drug-involved households.