CONSTRUCTION TASKS FOR OVEREXERTION INJURIES

因过度劳累而受伤的施工任务

• 批准号: 3431286
• 负责人: JOHN EVERETT
• 金额: $ 3.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-30 至 1995-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3431286
• 关键词: biomechanics; body movement; body physical activity; cold temperature; ergonomics; human subject; injury; injury prevention; mechanical stress; occupational psychology; posture; vibration; videotape /videodisc

Overexertion injuries are the single largest classification of injury in construction, accounting for about 24% of all injuries. The goal of this project is to identify specific construction tasks which place craft workers at high risk for overexertion injuries and disorders. High risk tasks can then be identified so that ergonomic principles can be applied to modify the task or work environment to accommodate human capabilities and limitations. The specific aims of this project are to: 1. Develop a complete catalog of all construction tasks broken down step- by-step at the Basic Task Level according to the hierarchical taxonomy of construction field operations developed by Everett. 2. Analyze each task as a whole and each step of each task for the presence of the seven generic risk factors for overexertion injuries: repetitive exertions, static exertions, forceful exertions, localized mechanical stresses, posture stresses, low temperature, and vibration. 3. Use the above methods to identify several tasks which expose craft workers to the highest risks for overexertion injuries and develop workplace interventions to reduce ergonomic stresses for those tasks. 4. Quantify or measure the reduction of risk resulting from the interventions in #3 above as prototypes for widespread application of the knowledge gained in #1 and #2 above. We hypothesize that it is possible to identify the underlying causes of overexertion injuries for many specific construction tasks and that it is technically and economically feasible on many construction tasks to reduce the level of physical demands placed on craft workers. If the approach proposed in this project is successful in reducing overexertion injuries, the resulting knowledge would have widespread application in improving occupational health and safety, and expanding job opportunities for women, older workers, and construction workers who are partially disabled due to previously suffered overexertion injuries.

过度劳累损伤是最大的单一损伤分类 建筑施工造成的伤害约占所有伤害的 24%。此举的目标 项目的目的是确定具体的施工任务，其中放置工艺 过度劳累受伤和疾病风险较高的工人。高风险 然后可以识别任务，以便应用人体工程学原理 修改任务或工作环境以适应人类能力 和限制。 该项目的具体目标是： 1. 制定所有施工任务的完整目录，分解步骤- 根据层次分类法在基本任务级别逐步进行 埃弗里特开发的建筑现场作业。 2. 分析每个任务的整体以及每个任务的每个步骤 存在过度劳累损伤的七个一般风险因素： 重复性用力、静态用力、强力用力、局部用力 机械应力、姿势应力、低温和振动。 3. 使用上述方法来识别暴露工艺的几个任务 工人过度劳累受伤的风险最高，并发展 工作场所干预措施，以减少这些任务的人体工程学压力。 4. 量化或衡量因以下原因所带来的风险降低 上述#3 中的干预措施作为广泛应用的原型 在上面#1 和#2 中获得的知识。 我们假设可以确定造成这种情况的根本原因 许多特定施工任务的过度劳累伤害， 许多施工任务在技术上和经济上都是可行的，以减少 对手工艺工人的体力要求水平。 如果本项目提出的方法能够成功减少 过度劳累损伤，由此产生的知识将会广泛传播 提高职业健康安全、扩大就业岗位的应用 妇女、老年工人和建筑工人的机会 由于先前遭受过劳累受伤而导致部分残疾。