MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF COLOR VISION

色觉的分子进化遗传学

• 批准号: 2164106
• 负责人: WEN-HSIUNG LI
• 金额: $ 19.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2164106
• 关键词: Prosimii; Saimiri; Scandentia; alleles; biochemical evolution; color visions; electroretinography; gene duplication; gene expression; human genetic material tag; human subject; nucleic acid sequence; polymerase chain reaction; protein structure function; rhodopsin; sex chromosomes; southern blotting; statistics /biometry; visual pigments

Our long-term goal is to understand the genetics, evolution and mechanism of color vision by a combination of molecular, electroretinographic, and statistical approaches. Our current aims are: 1. To study (a) the origin of X-linked genes for the red and green pigments (opsins) in humans, and (b) the antiquity of the three alleles (red, yellow and green) at the single X-linked opsin locus in the squirrel monkey (a New World monkey). 2. (a) To study the hypothesis that the 600 bp sequence located 4 kb upstream from the red opsin gene is a locus control region, and (b) to identify potential regulatory sites in the 500 bp region upstream from each opsin gene. 3. To find out whether (and to explain why) the blue opsin (autosomal) locus is monomorphic in humans and in squirrel monkeys, in contrast to the existence of highly polymorphic X-linked pigment variants in humans and monkeys. 4. To study (a) the structure/function relationships in color pigment proteins, (b) whether the nocturnal life of Galago crassicaudatus (a prosimian) has led to relaxed selection pressure on the color opsin genes, and (c) whether the color opsins have been well conserved in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), a dichromat extremely well-adapted to diurnal life (>96% cones). To achieve these aims we propose to pursue the following work: 1. To sequence (a) introns 2 and 4 of the human red and green opsin genes, (b) the red, green and yellow alleles at the X-linked locus in squirrel monkeys, and (c) the color opsin genes in the gal ago and the tree shrew, including the 500 bp promoter region of each gene. 2. To determine its presence and, if so, to sequence the hypothesized LCR region in the squirrel monkey, the galago and the tree shrew. 3. To sequence the coding regions of the blue opsin gene in 15 humans and 15 squirrel monkeys. Determine the spectral absorption peak of each new variant. 4. To conduct statistical analyses of the new and published opsin DNA sequence data.

我们的长期目标是了解遗传学，进化和 色觉机制是由分子， 视网膜电图和统计方法。我们目前的目标 为： 1.研究（a）红色和绿色的X连锁基因的起源 色素（视蛋白）在人类，和（B）的古代的三个 在单个X连锁视蛋白基因座上的等位基因（红色、黄色和绿色） 松鼠猴（一种新大陆猴）。 2. (a)研究600 bp序列位于4kb的假设 所述红色视蛋白基因的上游是基因座控制区，和（B） 以鉴定上游500 bp区域中的潜在调控位点 每一个视蛋白基因。 3.为了找出是否（并解释为什么）蓝色视蛋白 （常染色体）基因座在人类和松鼠猴中是单态的， 与存在高度多态性的X-连锁色素相反， 人类和猴子的变异。 4.研究（a）颜色的结构/功能关系 色素蛋白，（B）Galago的夜间生活是否 粗尾类（原猿类）的进化， 颜色视蛋白基因，以及（c）颜色视蛋白是否已经被 树鼩（Tupaia belangeri）是一种二色视动物， 非常适应昼夜生活（>96%的球果）。 为实现这些目标，我们建议开展以下工作： 1.对（a）人类红色和绿色视蛋白的内含子2和4进行测序 基因，（B）X连锁基因座上的红色、绿色和黄色等位基因 松鼠猴的颜色视蛋白基因，以及（c）半乳猴的颜色视蛋白基因。 和树鼩，包括每个500 bp的启动子区域， 基因 2.以确定它的存在，如果存在， 松鼠猴、大耳猴和树鼩的LCR区。 3.对15个人的蓝色视蛋白基因编码区进行测序 和15只松鼠猴测定各组分的光谱吸收峰 新变种 4.对新发表的视蛋白DNA进行统计分析 序列数据