GENETICS, EXERCISE AND RISK FACTORS

这项研究将记录基因型在心血管疾病中的作用， 有氧运动训练对机体代谢的影响 的遗传因素的变化所带来的定期锻炼， 几种心血管疾病和糖尿病的危险因素。 组成的财团 来自美国和加拿大5个不同机构的5个实验室将 参与了这项研究。 共有650名久坐不动的受试者 将在实验室进行招募、初步测试和运动训练 用同样的程序进行20周，然后重新测试 这些受试者将 来自90个白人血统的家庭， 生物学上的成年后代和40个非洲裔美国人血统的家庭。 摄氧量、呼气量和呼吸交换率、血液 血压、心率、血乳酸、葡萄糖、甘油和游离脂肪 在运动期间测量酸、每搏输出量和心输出量 在训练之前和之后，将确定最大摄氧量。 血脂、脂蛋白和载脂蛋白、糖耐量和胰岛素 对静脉内葡萄糖负荷、血浆性类固醇和 糖皮质激素、静息收缩压和舒张压以及体 并评估脂肪及局部脂肪分布。 饮食习惯， 习惯性的身体活动和其他生活方式成分的水平将是 通过问卷调查进行评估。 基因分析将包括 确定每种表型的遗传力水平及其反应 定期锻炼，检测是否存在父亲或母亲 效应、性限效应、主基因效应和分离模式。 将使用多变量遗传分析和复杂分离分析 发展关于反应的遗传基础的假设， 运动训练 这项研究应该增加我们对 人类的变异，适应运动训练的遗传学， 心血管疾病和糖尿病风险因素的伴随变化。

The research will document the role of the genotype in the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to aerobic exercise-training and the contribution of inherited factors in the changes brought about by regular exercise for several cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. A consortium of 5 laboratories from 5 different institutions in the US and Canada will be involved in carrying out this study. A total of 650 sedentary subjects will be recruited, initially tested, exercise-trained in the laboratory with the same program for 20 weeks, and re-tested. These subjects will come from 90 families of Caucasian descent with both parents and three biological adult offsprings and 40 families of African-American ancestry. Oxygen uptake, expiratory volume and respiratory exchange ratio, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lactate, glucose, glycerol and free-fatty acids, stroke volume and cardiac output will be measured during exercise before and after training and maximal oxygen uptake will be determined. Plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins, glucose tolerance and insulin response to an intravenous glucose load, plasma sex steroids and glucocorticoids, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and body fat and regional fat distribution will also be assessed. Dietary habits, level of habitual physical activity and other lifestyle components will be assessed by questionnaires. Genetic analyses will include the determination of the heritability level for each phenotype and its response to regular exercise, testing for the presence of paternal or maternal effects, sex-limited effects, major gene effects and segregation patterns. Multivariate genetic analyses and complex segregation analyses will be used to develop hypotheses concerning the genetic basis of the response to exercise-training. This research should increase our understanding of human variation, the genetics of adaptation to exercise-training and of the concomitant changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors.