HEREDITY AND ADAPTATION TO NEGATIVE ENERGY BALANCE

这项研究旨在测试个体差异是否 观察到的反应有氧运动训练是 与遗传有关。 实验将于12日进行。 一对成年男性同卵双胞胎。 实验 治疗将持续100天， 观察数周，以确定身体成分、习惯性 能量摄入，习惯性活动的能量消耗和其他 参数 所有的双胞胎都会被一种负能量所控制 平衡1000千卡/天的运动计划引起的。 治疗将以连续6天为一个周期， 一天的休息。 身体密度、全身脂肪、 计算机断层扫描评估脂肪分布，脂肪细胞大小， 脂肪细胞脂解和脂蛋白脂酶活性从两个网站的 活检（腹部和股动脉），血脂和脂蛋白， 静息代谢率，膳食的热效应，运动 耐量、葡萄糖耐量及其相关血糖， 胰岛素、胰高血糖素和甲状腺激素的变化， 促甲状腺激素对促甲状腺激素释放激素的反应性， 骨骼肌酶标记物将在治疗前后进行研究。 治疗100天以及25天和50天后。 饮食 将是混合型的，含有约50%的碳水化合物，35%的脂肪， 15%蛋白质。 有氧运动计划将是适度的 强度（从最大心率储备的40%到70%）和 足够的持续时间，以满足能源成本的要求， study. 该实验将允许量化平均值 反应和个体间差异的负 运动训练产生的能量平衡。 对内 相似性和巴黎之间的变化也将被分析， 确定是否适应变化所带来的 治疗依赖于或不依赖于基因型。 个体 此外，这项研究将使 短期适应性变化与后期适应性变化的比较 并测试随时间变化的响应模式是否 基因决定的。 这项研究的结果应该解释一些 身体组成和新陈代谢的未知变化 在减肥过程中观察到。

This study is designed to test whether individual differences observed in the response to aerobic exercise-training are associated with heredity. The experiment will be conducted on 12 pairs of adult male monozygotic (MZ) twins. The experimental treatment will last for 100 days and it will be preceeded by two weeks of observation to establish body composition, habitual energy intake, energy cost of habitual activities and other parameters. All twins will be submitted to a negative energy balance of 1000 kcal/day induced by a program of exercise. Treatment will be applied in cycles of 6 consecutive days followed by a day of rest. Changes in body density, total body fat, computerized tomography assessed fat distribution, fat cell size, fat cell lipolysis, and lipoprotein lipase activity from two sites of biopsy (abdominal and femoral), blood lipids and lipoproteins, resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of a meal, exercise tolerance, glucose tolerance and their associated blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormones variations, the thyrotropes responsiveness to thyrotropin releasing hormone and skeletal muscle eznyme markers will be studied before and after the 100 days of treatment as well as after 25 and 50 days. Diet will be of the mixed type with about 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein. The aerobic exercise program will be of moderate intensity (from 40% to 70% of maximal heart rate reserve) and of sufficient duration to meet the energy cost requirement of the study. This experiment will allow the quantification of the mean response and of the inter-individual differences to negative energy balance generated by exercise-training. Within pair resemblance and between paris variation will also be analysed to establish whether the adaptive changes brought about by the treatment are dependent or independent of the genotype of the individuals. Moreover, the research will make possible the comparison of short term adaptive changes with later adaptations and to test whether the pattern of the response over time is genetically determined. Results of this study should explain some of the unaccounted variations in body composition and metabolism observed during weight reduction.