ORGANIZATION AND BREAKDOWN OF ROUTINE ACTION SKILLS

日常动作技能的组织和分解

• 批准号: 2269770
• 负责人: Myrna F Schwartz
• 金额: $ 23.73万
• 依托单位: MOSS REHABILITATION HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-01 至 1996-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2269770
• 关键词: apraxias; brain disorder diagnosis; case history; cognition; cognition disorders; diagnosis design /evaluation; frontal lobe /cortex; head /neck injury; human subject; longitudinal human study; memory; mental disorder diagnosis; neuropsychological tests; performance; psychomotor function; self organization; semantics; stroke; thinking; video recording system; visual perception

The topic of this application is acquired disorders of action (apraxia) that impact performance of everyday activities. We seek to develop new analytic tools for describing and understanding the neuro-cognitive systems implicated in neurological conditions like ideational apraxia, frontal apraxia, and the executive disorder of traumatic brain injury. These conditions pose a significant clinical problem for neurological rehabilitationists and may place a heavy financial burden on families and society. We advocate a cognitive neuropsychological approach to the problem, which exploits the many parallels between speech and action. The first step involves analyzing the "syntactic" organization of action, and the nature of action errors, in natural action contexts. The Action Coding System (ACS), developed by our group, embodies a descriptive theory of action syntax and methods for coding errors and other measures of disorganization. Interpreted from the perspective of the cognitive systems supporting action, a patient's ACS error profile suggests hypotheses regarding which components of the cognitive system are impaired, and which are spared. These hypotheses may then be examined by the standard cognitive case-study method. This proposal seeks to apply and advance this general approach to the study of action disorders along three specific lines. Part 1 develops a Multi-level Action Test (MLAT) which requires the subject to perform familiar everyday tasks in contexts and combinations that vary along a continuum of task demands. This test will be used as a screening instrument for action disorders of the ideational and frontal types, in patients with TBI and stroke. Part 2 adapts the ACs to the task environment of the MLAT, in an effort to. examine how variations in task demands and contextual constraints effect the expression of action disorders of various types. Part 3 details a program of longitudinal case studies, in which a specially designed battery of neuropsychological tests is administered at regular intervals to a selected subset of patients, in an effort to further specify the nature of the underlying impairment to conceptual or executive systems, and the nature of the change over time. Together, the three parts of this proposal aim to advance the diagnosis of acquired action disorders and their theoretical analysis. The long term goal is to establish predictors of long-term outcome and new approaches to treatment for these often disabling conditions.

本申请的主题是获得性动作障碍（失用症） 影响日常活动的表现。 我们寻求开发新的 描述和理解神经认知的分析工具 与神经系统疾病有关的系统，如概念性失用症， 额叶失用症和创伤性脑损伤的执行障碍。 这些疾病给神经系统带来了重大的临床问题 可能给家庭带来沉重的经济负担， 社会 我们提倡用认知神经心理学的方法来研究 问题，它利用了言语和行动之间的许多相似之处。 第一步是分析动作的“句法”组织， 以及动作错误的本质。 的行动 编码系统（ACS），由我们的小组开发，体现了描述性的 动作语法理论和编码错误的方法及其他措施 无组织性。 从认知的角度解读 系统支持的行动，病人的ACS错误档案表明， 关于认知系统的哪些组成部分是 受损害的，和幸免的。 这些假设可以通过以下方式进行检验： 标准的认知案例研究方法 这项建议旨在适用于 沿着， 三条具体线路。 第1部分开发了一个多层次动作测试（MLAT），它需要 在情境和组合中执行熟悉的日常任务 它们沿着连续任务需求而变化。 该测试将被用作 概念和额叶动作障碍筛查仪 在TBI和中风患者中。 第2部分使AC适应 在MLAT的任务环境中，努力。研究变化如何在 任务要求和语境约束影响动作表达 各种类型的疾病。 第3部分详细介绍了一个程序的纵向 案例研究，其中一个专门设计的电池的神经心理学 定期对选定的子集进行测试， 患者，为了进一步明确潜在的 对概念或执行系统的损害，以及 随时间而变化。 本提案的三个部分旨在共同推进诊断 获得性行为障碍及其理论分析。 长 长期目标是建立长期结果预测指标， 治疗这些经常致残的疾病的方法。