ORGANIZATION AND BREAKDOWN OF ROUTINE ACTION SKILLS

描述：(改编自《调查员S摘要》)： 神经心理学理论认为，日常生活中错误的发生 涉及物体的动作是概念性失用的诊断-a左 半球综合症。在目前的拨款下进行的大规模研究 表明在let和right中都存在对操作错误的漏洞 大脑半球中风和闭合性头部损伤。此外，这三名患者 群体对情景复杂性的反应相似，对情景复杂性的反应也类似 错误的模式。阐明导致行动的条件 目前正在进行一项单一案例研究方案。这些 研究表明，执行职能的地位更重要 而不是实践或对对象的语义记忆。 这笔续批的目的是为了更好地了解 例程动作失效的充分条件。的形式化研究 脑损伤人群中的自然行为与单项计划 目前赠款下开始的个案研究将继续进行，并将有两个新的 将进行一系列实验。第一个是对 到达目标时的分心效应，这与机制有关 基础对象替换错误。第二个问题是探讨 相互竞争的计划或并发内存负载操作会导致操作错误 在非神经科受试者和易患 注意力/工作记忆缺陷。第二系列实验是 受诺曼提出的注意力和行动理论的启发 沙利斯。Shallice和他的同事最近开发了一个计算模型 这实现了与常规动作生产相关的理论方面。 根据Shallice团队的分包合同，这项建模工作将继续进行 并将重点模拟正常和病理下的表现 不断增加的情况复杂性。最后，在开发了用于 评估不断增加的任务需求下的自然动作制作，我们 现在建议创建一种用于临床的筛查工具，并测试其 工具性日常活动量表的预测效度 活着。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From The Investigator s Abstract): Neuropsychological theory has it that the occurrence of errors in routine action involving objects is diagnostic of ideational apraxia - a left hemisphere syndrome. A large-scale study conducted under the current grant is showing that vulnerability to action errors exists in both let and right hemisphere strokes and in closed head injury. Moreover, the three patient groups display a similar response to situational complexity and a similar pattern of errors. To elucidate the conditions that bring about action breakdown, a program of single case studies is being conducted. These studies suggest that the status of executive functions is more important than praxis or semantic memory for objects. This continuation grant aims at a better understanding of the necessary and sufficient conditions for routine action breakdown. The formal study of naturalistic action in brain damaged populations and the program of single case studies begun under the current grant will be continued, and two new series of experiments will be undertaken. The first is an exploration of distracter effects in reaching to targets, which bears on the mechanisms underlying objects substitution errors. The second explores whether competing plans or concurrent memory-load manipulations induce action errors in non-neurological subjects and in patients who are vulnerable to attention/working memory deficits. This second series of experiments is motivated by a theory of attention and action proposed by Norman and Shallice. Shallice and colleagues recently developed a computational model that implements aspects of the theory relating to routine action production. Under a subcontract to Shallice's group, this modeling effort will continue and will focus on simulating normal and pathological performance under increasing situational complexity. Finally, having developed methods for assessing naturalistic action production under increasing task demands, we now propose to create a screening tool for use in the clinic and to test its predictive validity against scales of instrumental activities of daily living.