ORGANIZATION AND BREAKDOWN OF ROUTINE ACTION SKILLS

日常动作技能的组织和分解

• 批准号: 2460557
• 负责人: Myrna F Schwartz
• 金额: $ 32.15万
• 依托单位: MOSS REHABILITATION HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-04-01 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2460557
• 关键词: apraxias; attention; brain disorder diagnosis; brain injury; cerebral dominance; clinical research; human subject; longitudinal human study; memory disorders; neural information processing; neuropsychology; psychometrics; psychomotor function; stroke

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From The Investigator s Abstract): Neuropsychological theory has it that the occurrence of errors in routine action involving objects is diagnostic of ideational apraxia - a left hemisphere syndrome. A large-scale study conducted under the current grant is showing that vulnerability to action errors exists in both let and right hemisphere strokes and in closed head injury. Moreover, the three patient groups display a similar response to situational complexity and a similar pattern of errors. To elucidate the conditions that bring about action breakdown, a program of single case studies is being conducted. These studies suggest that the status of executive functions is more important than praxis or semantic memory for objects. This continuation grant aims at a better understanding of the necessary and sufficient conditions for routine action breakdown. The formal study of naturalistic action in brain damaged populations and the program of single case studies begun under the current grant will be continued, and two new series of experiments will be undertaken. The first is an exploration of distracter effects in reaching to targets, which bears on the mechanisms underlying objects substitution errors. The second explores whether competing plans or concurrent memory-load manipulations induce action errors in non-neurological subjects and in patients who are vulnerable to attention/working memory deficits. This second series of experiments is motivated by a theory of attention and action proposed by Norman and Shallice. Shallice and colleagues recently developed a computational model that implements aspects of the theory relating to routine action production. Under a subcontract to Shallice's group, this modeling effort will continue and will focus on simulating normal and pathological performance under increasing situational complexity. Finally, having developed methods for assessing naturalistic action production under increasing task demands, we now propose to create a screening tool for use in the clinic and to test its predictive validity against scales of instrumental activities of daily living.

描述：（改编自研究者摘要）： 神经心理学理论认为，日常生活中错误的发生 涉及物体的动作是概念性失用症的诊断-左 大脑半球综合征 在现有拨款下进行的大规模研究 表明在字母和右字母中都存在动作错误的脆弱性 半球中风和闭合性头部损伤。 此外，三名患者 群体对情境复杂性的反应相似， 错误的模式。 阐明引起行动的条件 目前正在进行一项单一案例研究方案。 这些 研究表明，执行功能的地位更为重要， 比实践或物体的语义记忆更重要。 这一持续补助金旨在更好地了解必要的和 常规动作故障的充分条件。 正式研究 脑损伤人群中的自然主义行动和单一的 在目前赠款下开始的个案研究将继续进行， 将进行一系列实验。 第一个是探索 达到目标时的分心效应，这与机制有关 基础对象替换错误。 第二个问题是， 竞争计划或并发的内存加载操作会导致动作错误 在非神经学受试者和易受 注意力/工作记忆缺陷。 第二个系列的实验是 由诺曼提出的注意力和行动理论所激励， 莎丽丝 Shallice和同事最近开发了一个计算模型 它实现了与常规动作产生相关的理论方面。 在Shallice小组的领导下， 并将重点模拟正常和病理性能下， 增加了情况的复杂性。 最后，在开发了用于 在不断增加的任务需求下评估自然主义行动生产，我们 现在建议创建一个用于临床的筛查工具，并测试其 工具性日常活动量表的预测效度 living.