COGNITIVE DISCOURSE PROCESSING IN ELDERLY POPULATIONS

老年人的认知话​​语处理

• 批准号: 2050840
• 负责人: SANDRA Bond CHAPMAN
• 金额: $ 9.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2050840
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; aging; aphasia; cognition; concept; conditioning; data collection; dementia; depression; human old age (65+); human subject; human very old age (85+); informatics; interview; language; memory; model; neural information processing; psychological models; visual perception; visual stimulus

Language change in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and elderly individuals has been likened to that of patients with Wernicke's type aphasia (WAPH). Indeed, similar surface level manifestations of language change have been described for AD, WAPH and elderly population: The shared features of discourse change include reduced informativity, incoherence, tangentiality, and verbosity. This research seeks explanations for the similar surface disruptions of discourse across four diverse populations: Two neurologically impaired (AD and WAPH) and two normal elderly groups differing in age (55-70; OE 85-95 years). AD and aphasic subjects are of interest because of the converse relations in cognitive and linguistic abilities. The comparison between AD and elderly populations explores whether AD represents behaviorally an accelerated aging process. This research is guided by a discourse model which conceptualizes the complexity of discourse that is realized at multilevels of language and information structures and by various information handling processes. The investigation examines differential disruptions in aspects of informativity, coherence, information handling operations, and on standardized cognitive and linguistic measures. It is hypothesized that changes in informativity and coherence for OE subjects will mimic those observed in AD, however, the underlying mechanisms will differ. For both AD and OE, global organization structures of meaning (macrostructure) will be impaired. Contrastively, AD will manifest impairment in story structure by loss of essential information, whereas story structure will be relatively preserved for OE subjects. Similar to AD and OE, WAPH will show reduction in informativity and impaired coherence. Unlike either OE or AD, WAPH will show preservation of macrostructure and story structure and impairment of microstructures disrupted as a result of linguistic deficits. Theoretically, this research will provide insight into component processes which underlie communicative competence. Empirically, the study will provide valuable comparative data. Clinically, identification of the discourse profiles are necessary for development of diagnostic tools and intervention protocols. This proposed work adds a critical discourse evaluation at the ADRC at UTSWMCD.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）和老年人的语言变化 被比作韦尼克型失语症（WAPH）患者。 事实上，语言变化的类似表面表现已经在 AD、WAPH 和老年人口的描述：共同特征 话语变化包括信息量减少、不连贯、 切线性和冗长性。 本研究寻求解释 四个不同人群中的类似表面话语中断： 两个神经受损组（AD 和 WAPH）和两个正常老年人组 年龄不同（55-70 岁；OE 85-95 岁）。 AD 和失语症受试者是 由于认知和语言方面的相反关系而产生兴趣 能力。 AD 与老年人群之间的比较探讨 AD 是否在行为上代表了加速的衰老过程。 这 研究以话语模型为指导，该模型概念化了 话语的复杂性是在多层次的语言中实现的 信息结构和各种信息处理过程。 该调查考察了以下方面的差异性干扰： 信息性、连贯性、信息处理操作等 标准化的认知和语言测量。 假设 OE 受试者的信息性和连贯性的变化将模仿这些变化 然而，在 AD 中观察到，潜在的机制会有所不同。 对于两者 AD 和 OE，意义的全球组织结构（宏观结构） 将会受到损害。 相比之下，AD会表现出故事损伤 通过丢失基本信息来构建结构，而故事结构将 对于OE科目来说相对保留。 与 AD 和 OE 类似，WAPH 将 显示信息量减少和连贯性受损。 与任一 OE 不同 或AD，WAPH将显示宏观结构和故事结构的保存 以及由于语言的影响而破坏的微观结构的损害 赤字。 从理论上讲，这项研究将深入了解 构成沟通能力基础的组成过程。 从经验上看，这项研究将提供有价值的比较数据。 临床上，话语概况的识别对于 开发诊断工具和干预方案。 这 拟议的工作在 ADRC 上增加了批判性话语评估 UTSWMCD。