Brain & Cognitive Changes after Reasoning or Physical Training in Cognitively Nor

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• 批准号: 7938036
• 负责人: SANDRA Bond CHAPMAN
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS DALLAS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7938036
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Age-Years; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Aging-Related Process; Anisotropy; Area; Blood; Blood flow; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Clinical Trials; Cognition; Cognitive; Control Groups; Data; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Dose; Exercise; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Grant; Health; Hour; Human; Imaging technology; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Liquid substance; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Mind; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neuropil; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Physical activity; Physiological; Population; Process; Psyche structure; Public Policy; Randomized; Recruitment Activity; Research; Savings; Short-Term Memory; Societies; Structure; Syndrome; Task Performances; Training; Training Programs; Waiting Lists; Water; abstracting; base; brain volume; cognitive change; cognitive function; cognitive training; comparative; comparative effectiveness; cost; design; effectiveness research; executive function; fitness; frontal lobe; innovation; novel; policy implication; prevent; response; skills; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Brain & Cognitive Changes after Reasoning or Physical Training in Cognitively Normal Seniors This application addresses broad Challenge Area (05) Comparative Effectiveness Research; 05-AG- 105* Comparative Intervention Trials for Diseases and Syndromes of Aging Including Neurodegenerative Diseases. Background: A significant potential exists to modify the structure and function of the aging human brain given intensive mental stimulation and physical activity. Age-related cognitive decline has consistently been identified on frontal lobe measures of executive control such as reasoning. Concomitantly, a greater vulnerability of frontal brain networks, which subserve executive control functions, has also been identified with aging. Preliminary evidence highlights the potential of reasoning training as well as physical training to modify and strengthen brain and cognitive function in seniors. Evidence from our lab indicates that frontally mediated, gist-based reasoning (defined as the ability to combine detail information to construct abstract meanings) offers a promising cognitive domain to train. Extracting gist meaning from the massive amount of incoming information is one of the most vital mental skills a healthy mind achieves. Purpose: This proposal is an innovative study to obtain data regarding the benefits of a (a) novel gist-based reasoning training program or (b) physical training on frontal-lobe mediated cognitive measures of executive control in cognitively normal seniors. The project will also employ newly developed (a) brain measures to chart changes in brain blood flow and connectivity combined with (b) a cognitive activation task specifically designed to measure brain regions engaged in gist reasoning versus detail processing. The project also examines shorter dose effects, i.e. after 6 weeks and 12 weeks, than previously examined as well as individual differences based on high and low performers for gist and physical training. Methods: 60 cognitively normal seniors between the ages of 60 and 75 years will be recruited for study and randomized into 1 of 3 groups. Each group will consist of 20 participants each: a reasoning-trained, a physical-trained and a wait-listed control group. Participants will be comprehensively screened to insure they are cognitively normal. Prior to intervention, participants' baseline gist and detail processing ability, battery of cognitive functions and fitness measures will be obtained. Structural and functional brain measures will also be obtained. Participants will undergo 12 weeks of gist-based training or physical training with measurement at midpoint, 6 weeks of training, endpoint 12 weeks of training and 4 weeks after training is completed. Training effects will be measured behaviorally in trained areas (reasoning & physical) and untrained cognitive areas. Additionally, structural and functional brain imaging will measure changes in cerebral blood flow, global and regional brain volume, white matter tracts, efficiency, activation patterns, and blood oxygenation with a particular focus on changes to frontal regions. Significance: The current study seeks to discover neuroprotective, nonpharmacological interventions that could prevent mental decline and strengthen cognitive brain health in seniors, with possible societal savings of billions of dollars. This will be one of the first training studies to explore short-term intensive reasoning and physical training, each documented as pivotal to cognitive brain health with the potential to strengthen frontal regions against the losses associated with aging. Brain & Cognitive Changes after Reasoning or Exercise Training in Cognitively Normal Seniors 65 years of age and older represent one of the fastest growing segments of our society with the population doubling within the next 25 years with dramatic rates of mental decline, costing society billions of dollars each year. The proposed research seeks to discover whether relatively short term mental or physical training can enhance gist reasoning, generalize to untrained cognitive areas and modify/strengthen brain function in areas susceptible to aging processes. To identify neuroprotective and non-pharmacological interventions to prevent mental decline and maximize cognitive brain health during the course of the adult lifespan has major public policy implications.

描述(申请人提供)：认知正常的老年人在推理或体育训练后的大脑和认知变化本申请涉及广泛的挑战领域(05)比较有效性研究；05-AG-105*包括神经退行性疾病在内的老龄化疾病和症状的比较干预试验。背景：在强烈的精神刺激和体力活动下，存在着改变老化的人脑的结构和功能的巨大潜力。与年龄相关的认知能力下降一直在执行控制的额叶测量中被发现，例如推理。随之而来的是，为执行控制功能提供辅助的额叶大脑网络也被发现随着年龄的增长而变得更脆弱。初步证据表明，推理训练和身体训练有可能改变和加强老年人的大脑和认知功能。我们实验室的证据表明，正面中介的基于主旨的推理(定义为结合细节信息构建抽象意义的能力)提供了一个有希望的认知领域来训练。从海量的输入信息中提取主要含义是一个健康的心灵所能达到的最重要的心理技能之一。目的：本研究是一项创新性的研究，旨在获得关于(A)新的基于主旨的推理训练计划或(B)额叶调节的执行控制认知措施的物理训练在认知正常的老年人中的益处的数据。该项目还将采用新开发的(A)大脑测量方法来绘制大脑血流量和连接性的变化图表，并结合(B)专门设计的认知激活任务，以测量参与主旨推理和细节处理的大脑区域。该项目还检查了比以前检查的更短的剂量效应，即6周和12周后，以及基于高和低表现的人在主要和身体训练方面的个体差异。方法：选择60~75岁认知功能正常的老年人60人为研究对象，随机分为3组。每个小组将由20名参与者组成：一个接受过推理训练的小组，一个接受过身体训练的小组和一个等待名单上的控制组。参与者将接受全面筛查，以确保他们的认知正常。在干预前，将获得参与者的基线依据和细节处理能力、认知功能组合和健康测量。还将获得结构性和功能性的大脑测量。参与者将接受12周的以主旨为基础的训练或体能训练，其中中点测量，6周训练，12周训练，4周训练结束。培训效果将在已培训的领域(推理和物理)和未培训的认知领域进行行为测量。此外，结构和功能脑成像将测量脑血流量、全球和区域脑容量、白质束、效率、激活模式和血氧含量的变化，特别是额叶区域的变化。意义：目前的这项研究试图发现神经保护性的非药物干预措施，可以防止老年人的智力下降，并增强老年人的认知大脑健康，可能会为社会节省数十亿美元。这将是首批探索短期密集推理和身体训练的训练研究之一，每一项训练都被证明是认知大脑健康的关键，有可能加强额叶区域，防止与衰老相关的损失。在认知正常的65岁及以上老年人中，经过推理或运动训练后的大脑和认知变化代表着我们社会增长最快的部分之一，在接下来的25年里，人口翻了一番，智力急剧下降，每年给社会造成数十亿美元的损失。这项拟议的研究试图发现，相对短期的心理或身体训练是否可以增强主旨推理，推广到未受过训练的认知区域，并修改/加强易受衰老过程影响的区域的大脑功能。确定神经保护和非药物干预措施，以防止智力下降，并在成年过程中最大限度地促进认知脑健康，具有重大的公共政策意义。